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If the base of a population pyramid is becoming narrower over time, what may it indicate?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Decline in fertility

The base of a population pyramid represents the youngest age groups and therefore reflects the size of recent birth cohorts. If the base becomes narrower over time, fewer young children are being added than in earlier periods. A common demographic explanation is a decline in fertility or birth rate. This may happen because of education, urbanisation, later marriage, family planning, or changing family preferences.

A narrowing base does not by itself prove that elderly mortality has increased. Nor does it mean that the working-age population will disappear immediately; older child cohorts continue to move into working ages over many years. Similarly, a rapid rise in fertility would normally broaden the base. Therefore the best interpretation among the choices is option A, decline in fertility. The conclusion concerns the pattern of new births, not a sudden change in every other age group.

Related tags

Narrow Pyramid BaseFertility DeclineChild CohortsAge StructurePopulation CompositionGeographyClass 12 McqRdgdfgdfg

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