What can be one major social consequence of a youthful age structure?

Correct answer: Greater demand for education services

A youthful age structure means that children and adolescents form a relatively large share of the population. These age groups require schools, teachers, classrooms, learning materials, vaccination, nutrition, and child-health services. Governments may therefore need to expand education and other services quickly. In the longer term, the same large youth group can enter the labour market, so employment and skill development also become important, but the immediate social pressure is commonly on education.

Thus, option A is correct. A youthful population does not create the greatest immediate demand for elderly pensions or old-age homes, because older people form a smaller share. It certainly does not mean that children are absent. The phrase “youthful age structure” concerns the distribution of people by age, not simply the total population size. A large child share is the key clue leading to greater demand for education services.