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Why can the age structure of a country change over time?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Changes in births, deaths, and migration

Age structure is not fixed because the number of people in each age group changes over time. Births add new members to the youngest group. Deaths remove people, but their effects differ by age because mortality is not equal at every age. Migration can also change the structure, especially when migrants are concentrated in working or young adult ages. As these processes continue, the relative shares of children, working-age people, and elderly people may rise or fall.

For example, a period of high births can enlarge the child population, while later lower fertility can make younger cohorts smaller. Longer life expectancy can increase the elderly share, and the departure or arrival of many workers can change the working-age proportion. Mountain slopes, soil fertility, or ocean temperature alone do not directly explain national age composition. Since births, deaths, and migration are the main demographic processes involved, option A is correct.

Related tags

Births Deaths MigrationAge Structure ChangePopulation DynamicsDemographyAge StructurePopulation CompositionGeographyClass 12 Mcq

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