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Which factor can cause a country's age structure to change over time?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Changes in fertility, mortality, and migration

Age structure means the distribution of a population among age groups. It is not fixed: each year, births add children, deaths remove people from different age groups, and migration may add or remove people of particular ages. Consequently, changes in fertility, mortality, and migration can gradually or rapidly alter the shape of the population pyramid.

High fertility usually increases the proportion of children. Longer life expectancy allows more people to reach older ages, increasing the elderly share. If young adults migrate out, the working-age group may shrink; if they migrate in, it may expand. Mountain height, soil colour, or river direction may affect settlement in some way, but they are not the direct demographic processes that determine age composition. Thus, choice A is correct.

Related tags

Fertility Mortality MigrationAge Structure ChangePopulation CompositionDemographyAge StructureGeographyClass 12 McqRdgdfgdfg

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