If the working-age share is high, which economic opportunity may increase?

Correct answer: Opportunity for a demographic dividend

A high working-age share can create a demographic dividend: a period when a relatively large number of potential workers supports fewer children and older dependants. This can raise production, household income, savings, investment, and public revenue. However, the opportunity is not automatic. It depends on good education, health, useful skills, decent jobs, gender inclusion, and sound economic policies. The correct choice is A. A larger working-age population does not itself create farmland or guarantee lower infant mortality.

The age structure provides a favourable opportunity, but people must be productively employed for the benefit to appear. If jobs are scarce or workers lack skills and health, a large working-age group may instead face unemployment and social pressure. Thus “opportunity” is the appropriate wording: it describes potential economic gain rather than a certain result. The other options either concern unrelated outcomes or claim an automatic change that does not follow from age composition alone.