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Why is it necessary to plan a river basin as an integrated unit?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Upstream activities affect downstream flow and ecology

The governing concept is integrated river-basin planning, an important approach to sustainable development. A river basin functions as a connected system: rainfall, runoff, sediment, pollutants, groundwater interactions, ecosystems, and human uses in an upstream area can influence water quantity and quality downstream. Administrative boundaries do not stop these physical flows, so planning only within separate jurisdictions can shift problems rather than solve them. Option A correctly states the reason for treating the basin as one unit. Option B is the opposite of the basin-system idea. Option C reduces planning to river length, ignoring drainage, people, and ecology, while D incorrectly claims that political borders control natural water movement.

Related tags

River BasinIntegrated PlanningSustainable DevelopmentUpstream DownstreamPlanning And Sustainable Development In Indian ContextGeographyClass 12 Mcq

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