What becomes clear because membership of a professional association is not compulsory in management?

Correct answer: The complete professional status of management is limited

The governing concept is the comparison between management and a full profession. A full profession generally has specialised knowledge, formal training, professional associations, an enforceable code of conduct and, often, compulsory membership or licensing. Management possesses several of these characteristics, including a growing body of knowledge and professional education, but membership of a professional association is not compulsory for every manager. This shows that management does not satisfy every condition of a complete profession; therefore option A is correct. Option B is false because management uses specialised knowledge. Option C is false because managers can have a service orientation, and option D is false because management has professional bodies and organisations even though membership is voluntary.