Biology

Special modes: Apomixis, Parthenocarpy, Polyembryony

विशेष प्रजनन विधियाँ: एपोमिक्सिस, पार्थेनोकार्पी और बहुभ्रूणता

In Class 12 Biology, this topic extends the study of sexual reproduction in flowering plants by introducing three special reproductive phenomena. Students learn how apomixis produces seeds without fertilisation, how parthenocarpy leads to fruit development without fertilisation and often results in seedless fruits, and how polyembryony results in more than one embryo developing within a single seed. The topic also helps connect these processes with plant propagation, fruit production, and their significance in agriculture.