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SubjectsBiology
एम्नियोसेंटेसिस (भ्रूणजल परीक्षण)
In Class 12 Biology, under Chapter 3: Reproductive Health, students learn that amniocentesis is a prenatal diagnostic procedure in which a small sample of amniotic fluid is examined for fetal cells and genetic or chromosomal abnormalities. The topic helps explain the medical purpose, procedure, possible risks, and ethical concerns linked with prenatal testing. It also highlights that using such tests for sex selection is illegal in India and emphasizes responsible healthcare decisions.
Correct answer: A. Chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus
Explanation: Amniocentesis is a prenatal diagnostic procedure in which fetal cells and certain substances in the amniotic fluid are examined. It is mainly used to identify chromosomal abnormalities and some genetic disorders in the fetus. Fetal heart rate is assessed by ultrasound or fetal monitoring.
Correct answer: A. To prevent sex-selective abortion and female foeticide
Explanation: Amniocentesis has a legitimate medical use in the prenatal diagnosis of certain genetic and chromosomal disorders. Its misuse to determine fetal sex can facilitate sex-selective abortion and female foeticide, so that misuse is prohibited. Option B describes a valid medical use, not the reason for the prohibition.
Correct answer: A. Prenatal diagnosis of certain chromosomal and genetic abnormalities in the fetus
Explanation: Amniocentesis involves collecting a sample of amniotic fluid and examining fetal cells or their genetic material. It may help identify certain chromosomal and genetic abnormalities before birth. Measuring blood pressure, inducing ovulation and relieving labour pain are not its primary purposes.
Correct answer: A. Female foeticide and gender discrimination
Explanation: Amniocentesis is a diagnostic procedure in which amniotic fluid may be examined for certain genetic or chromosomal conditions. Its misuse for prenatal sex determination can encourage sex-selective abortion, female foeticide, and gender discrimination; therefore option A is correct. It can also worsen the sex ratio and violates ethical and legal safeguards. The other options have no logical connection with this prenatal procedure.
