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SubjectsPolitical Science
राजनीतिक सिद्धांत: एक परिचय
This Class 11 Political Science topic introduces students to political theory as a systematic way of thinking about public life, power, institutions and collective decisions. As part of Part 2: Political Theory, it helps learners examine ideas such as freedom, equality, justice, rights, citizenship and authority, while connecting these concepts with everyday experiences and democratic society. Students develop the ability to ask political questions, compare viewpoints and understand why different principles shape laws and public institutions.
Correct answer: B. Because it examines the meaning and justification of political ideas
Explanation: Step 1: Political theory is not a simple record of events. Step 2: It studies and justifies ideas such as justice freedom and equality. Step 3: In exams connect theory with reasoning and critical examination.
Correct answer: B. To compare the reasoning behind both meanings
Explanation: Step 1: Political ideas can have more than one meaning. Step 2: Political theory helps compare reasons and consequences behind these meanings. Step 3: For such questions focus on debate comparison and reasoning.
Correct answer: C. What should a just law be like
Explanation: Step 1: Normative questions ask what ought to be. Step 2: Asking what a just law should be is about values and ideals. Step 3: In exams identify should based questions as normative questions.
Correct answer: B. How many people supported a policy
Explanation: Step 1: Empirical questions deal with facts and evidence. Step 2: The number of people supporting a policy can be observed and measured. Step 3: Separate fact based questions from value based questions in exams.
Correct answer: B. It teaches citizens to form reasoned opinions on political ideas
Explanation: Step 1: Civic life needs more than information. Step 2: Political theory builds the ability to think about rights duties and justice. Step 3: In answers stress aware citizenship and reasoned opinion.
Correct answer: B. Politics includes power as well as public life and collective decisions
Explanation: Step 1: Politics should not be understood in a very narrow sense. Step 2: Political theory shows that politics concerns public affairs and collective decisions. Step 3: Do not describe politics only as a negative activity in exams.
Correct answer: B. Because different groups reasonably disagree about their meaning and use
Explanation: Step 1: Ideas like justice equality and freedom do not have only one accepted meaning. Step 2: Different experiences and values produce different interpretations. Step 3: For contested concepts mention plurality of meanings and reasoned disagreement.
Correct answer: B. Political theory may include value based questions of political philosophy
Explanation: Step 1: Political philosophy asks deep questions about justice rights and the ideal state. Step 2: Political theory can include these questions along with institutions and practice. Step 3: In exams show both distinction and connection.
Correct answer: B. When difficult questions about justice and rights arise in public decisions
Explanation: Step 1: Political theory helps understand difficult public questions. Step 2: Disagreement over justice and rights requires reasoning. Step 3: Link the use of theory with problem solving in such answers.
Correct answer: B. Because new social questions also demand new interpretations of political ideas
Explanation: Step 1: Old thinkers provide foundations but society changes. Step 2: New questions about rights identity and equality need fresh discussion. Step 3: In exams connect tradition with contemporary relevance.
Correct answer: B. Examining the effect of a policy on weaker groups
Explanation: Step 1: Critical thinking does not accept claims blindly. Step 2: Studying effects on weaker groups examines justice and equality. Step 3: In exams explain that critique means reasoned examination not simple rejection.
Correct answer: B. To connect rights with both individual dignity and social responsibility
Explanation: Step 1: Rights protect individual dignity. Step 2: They are also linked with others' rights and common welfare. Step 3: In answers mention the balance between rights and responsibility.
Correct answer: B. From asking which inequality is unfair and why
Explanation: Step 1: Equality does not mean making everyone identical. Step 2: Political theory asks which inequalities are unjust. Step 3: In exams connect equality with opportunity dignity and justice.
Correct answer: B. Theory helps understand public policies and civic decisions
Explanation: Step 1: Political theory is not limited to books. Step 2: It helps understand policies rights and civic choices. Step 3: In exams show the link between theory and practice with examples.
Correct answer: B. When can state power be considered legitimate
Explanation: Step 1: Political theory questions the justification of power. Step 2: State power is considered legitimate when it has proper grounds and serves public interest. Step 3: In exams connect power with legitimacy and accountability.
Correct answer: B. Because democracy includes participation rights discussion and accountability
Explanation: Step 1: Voting is an important part of democracy but not the whole of it. Step 2: Democracy also needs citizen participation discussion rights and accountability. Step 3: Present democracy as both a process and a value.
Correct answer: A. Replacing reasoning with popularity
Explanation: Step 1: Widespread belief does not automatically make an idea right. Step 2: Political theory asks for reasons evidence and moral grounds. Step 3: In exams distinguish popular opinion from reasoned justification.
Correct answer: A. How benefits and burdens should be fairly distributed in society
Explanation: Step 1: Justice is about a fair arrangement. Step 2: Fair distribution of benefits and burdens is a key concern of political theory. Step 3: Remember fairness and proper distribution while answering justice based questions.
Correct answer: B. A just law can protect individual freedom while safeguarding others' freedom
Explanation: Step 1: Freedom does not mean doing anything one wants. Step 2: Just laws can balance one person's freedom with others' freedom. Step 3: In exams link freedom with responsible and fair order.
Correct answer: B. So that the strengths and limits of different ideas can be understood
Explanation: Step 1: Different political ideas highlight different problems. Step 2: Comparison shows which idea is useful in which context. Step 3: In exams mention strength limit and context while comparing ideas.
Correct answer: A. Who is a member of society and what rights and duties that person has
Explanation: Step 1: Citizenship is not merely an identity card. Step 2: It is linked with membership rights duties and participation. Step 3: Include both membership and responsibility in citizenship answers.
Correct answer: B. Because ideology may promote a viewpoint while theory demands reasoned inquiry
Explanation: Step 1: Ideology may support a particular viewpoint. Step 2: Political theory examines the reasons and limits of that viewpoint. Step 3: Clearly distinguish blind support from reasoned inquiry in exams.
Correct answer: B. Because it enables reasoned examination of power justice and rights
Explanation: Step 1: Questioning is not disrespect but a tool of understanding. Step 2: It clarifies the basis of power justice and rights. Step 3: Link questioning with critical and responsible thinking in exams.
Correct answer: B. Because values like justice and freedom are important but their application must be understood according to context
Explanation: Step 1: Some values have broad importance. Step 2: Their application needs attention to social conditions and experiences. Step 3: In answers keep both value and context together.
Correct answer: B. Explaining a political idea with definition example reason and limitation
Explanation: Step 1: Deep understanding is not created by rote learning. Step 2: A concept becomes clear when explained with definition example reason and limitation. Step 3: Organize answers into clear parts in exams.
