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SubjectsPolitical Science
राजनीतिक सिद्धांत: एक परिचय
This Class 11 Political Science topic introduces students to political theory as a systematic way of thinking about public life, power, institutions and collective decisions. As part of Part 2: Political Theory, it helps learners examine ideas such as freedom, equality, justice, rights, citizenship and authority, while connecting these concepts with everyday experiences and democratic society. Students develop the ability to ask political questions, compare viewpoints and understand why different principles shape laws and public institutions.
Correct answer: B. Critically examining values and institutions of political life
Explanation: Step 1: Political theory studies ideas such as power, justice, rights and liberty. Step 2: It does not merely give information; it critically examines them. Step 3: In exams, connect political theory with critical understanding.
Correct answer: C. Normative question
Explanation: Step 1: Normative questions deal with values like right, wrong, just and unjust. Step 2: Asking whether a law is just is a value-based inquiry. Step 3: In exams, identify value judgment in such questions.
Correct answer: A. Because liberty is also related to opportunity and capability
Explanation: Step 1: Liberty does not only mean absence of restraint. Step 2: A person also needs opportunities and a safe environment to develop. Step 3: In exams, explain liberty with opportunity and responsibility.
Correct answer: C. By helping them form reasoned opinions on public issues
Explanation: Step 1: Political theory teaches citizens to question and reason. Step 2: It helps them form informed views on policy, rights and justice. Step 3: In exams, connect citizenship with active participation.
Correct answer: B. It both explains and evaluates political ideas
Explanation: Step 1: Political theory clarifies the meaning of ideas. Step 2: It also evaluates whether those ideas are just in society. Step 3: In answers, give importance to both explanation and evaluation.
Correct answer: C. Finding balance through reason, justice and public good
Explanation: Step 1: Rights and duties are both important parts of democratic life. Step 2: Political theory helps find a just balance between them. Step 3: In such questions, identify the role of public good.
Correct answer: A. Because changing meanings can change the direction of debate
Explanation: Step 1: Words like justice, equality and liberty can have different meanings. Step 2: If meanings are unclear, discussion becomes confused. Step 3: In exams, first clarify the concept and then analyse it.
Correct answer: B. Political theory gives political science depth of values and ideas
Explanation: Step 1: Political science is the wider study of political life. Step 2: Political theory deeply discusses core ideas like justice, rights and power. Step 3: When explaining the relation, connect theory with foundational ideas.
Correct answer: A. Whether equal treatment is always just
Explanation: Step 1: Equality does not always mean identical treatment in every situation. Step 2: Justice may require attention to the special condition of weaker groups. Step 3: In exams, understand the difference between formal equality and real justice.
Correct answer: A. Because political theory also applies to present-day issues
Explanation: Step 1: Old ideas provide a foundation for political understanding. Step 2: Political theory also explains present questions of democracy, rights and justice. Step 3: In answers, show the link between history and the present.
Correct answer: B. Examining an idea through reason and evidence
Explanation: Step 1: A critical approach does not mean blind opposition. Step 2: It examines ideas through reason, experience and justice. Step 3: In exams, present criticism as thoughtful examination.
Correct answer: A. Because the state is also linked with society, rights, law and legitimate power
Explanation: Step 1: Government is one part of the state. Step 2: The state also includes law, citizens, rights and legitimate power. Step 3: In exams, distinguish between state and government.
Correct answer: B. Because democracy also requires participation, accountability and rights
Explanation: Step 1: Voting is an important part of democracy. Step 2: But democracy also needs citizen participation, protection of rights and accountability. Step 3: In answers, explain democracy as a wider way of public life.
Correct answer: A. Fair distribution of resources, opportunities and dignity
Explanation: Step 1: Justice is not only about punishment. Step 2: It includes fair distribution of opportunity, resources and dignity. Step 3: In exams, connect justice with fairness in social life.
Correct answer: B. For social security and protection of others' rights
Explanation: Step 1: Rights are necessary for human dignity. Step 2: But one person's right should not destroy another person's safety and freedom. Step 3: In exams, connect rights with reasonable limits and responsibility.
Correct answer: B. Because diversity is linked with rights, identity and equal respect
Explanation: Step 1: Society has diversity of language, culture, gender and community. Step 2: Political theory asks how equal respect can be ensured within this diversity. Step 3: In exams, connect diversity with rights and identity.
Correct answer: A. Whether there is a proper basis to accept authority
Explanation: Step 1: Legitimacy does not mean merely having power. Step 2: It asks why people should consider authority proper and acceptable. Step 3: In exams, connect legitimacy with just basis and consent.
Correct answer: A. When citizens ask what the state should do to provide equal opportunity
Explanation: Step 1: Equal opportunity is a question linked with the state and justice. Step 2: Political theory helps understand the moral basis of such policy questions. Step 3: In exams, study public policy together with values.
Correct answer: A. Because it helps understand the strengths and limits of different viewpoints
Explanation: Step 1: Political ideas arise from different experiences and values. Step 2: Comparison helps us see where an idea is useful or limited. Step 3: In exams, use examples while comparing ideas.
Correct answer: A. Because it explains the relation between law, justice and moral protest
Explanation: Step 1: Civil disobedience is not an ordinary habit of breaking law. Step 2: It is a moral and public protest against unjust law. Step 3: In exams, connect it with justice and non-violent protest.
Correct answer: B. They should be understood as balanced and complementary depending on context
Explanation: Step 1: Equality and liberty are both democratic values. Step 2: Sometimes there may be tension, but good policy can also bring them together. Step 3: In exams, write about balance instead of rejecting one value completely.
Correct answer: A. Because it helps understand everyday public questions
Explanation: Step 1: Students see issues of rights, rules, equality and justice in daily life. Step 2: Political theory gives language to understand these experiences. Step 3: In exams, connect the subject with real life.
Correct answer: A. Because they make ideas clearer and stronger
Explanation: Step 1: Political life includes different interests and ideas. Step 2: Debate lets us hear reasons and reach better decisions. Step 3: In exams, connect disagreement with democratic dialogue.
Correct answer: A. Because power also works through consent, ideas, institutions and rules
Explanation: Step 1: Power is not only physical force. Step 2: Rules, education, ideas and institutions also influence people's behaviour. Step 3: In exams, identify both visible and subtle forms of power.
Correct answer: A. First explain the concept, then give reasoning, then clarify with an example
Explanation: Step 1: Conceptual clarity comes first in political theory. Step 2: Reasoning and examples make the answer stronger. Step 3: In exams, follow the order of definition, analysis and example.
