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SubjectsPolitical Science
राजनीतिक सिद्धांत: एक परिचय
This Class 11 Political Science topic introduces students to political theory as a systematic way of thinking about public life, power, institutions and collective decisions. As part of Part 2: Political Theory, it helps learners examine ideas such as freedom, equality, justice, rights, citizenship and authority, while connecting these concepts with everyday experiences and democratic society. Students develop the ability to ask political questions, compare viewpoints and understand why different principles shape laws and public institutions.
Correct answer: A. Understanding and examining an idea through reason
Explanation: Step 1: Critical thinking does not mean negative thinking. Step 2: It means examining an idea using reason, evidence and values. Step 3: In exams, present criticism as thoughtful examination.
Correct answer: A. It understands, examines and refines political ideas
Explanation: Step 1: Political theory is a deep study of ideas. Step 2: It does not only describe them, but also examines them. Step 3: For nature based questions, use study, examination and evaluation.
Correct answer: A. Because they can sometimes support and also limit each other
Explanation: Step 1: Liberty gives individuals freedom of choice. Step 2: Equality seeks fair opportunity in society. Step 3: In exams, write that balancing both is necessary for democratic life.
Correct answer: A. A person's status, rights and responsibilities in a political community
Explanation: Step 1: Citizenship explains the relation between a person and the political community. Step 2: It includes responsibilities along with rights. Step 3: While writing about citizenship, include participation, not just legal identity.
Correct answer: A. An interest linked with the welfare of a large part of society
Explanation: Step 1: Public interest is broader than private gain. Step 2: It is linked with collective welfare and a fair order. Step 3: In exams, explain it as the shared welfare of citizens.
Correct answer: A. Ability to understand and evaluate political claims through reason
Explanation: Step 1: Students often hear different claims on public issues. Step 2: Political theory teaches them to examine such claims using reason and values. Step 3: In answers, write understanding, reasoning and evaluation together.
Correct answer: A. Why government should be considered rightful and acceptable by people
Explanation: Step 1: Legitimacy is linked with the rightful use of power. Step 2: People accept a government when it appears just and responsible. Step 3: In answers on legitimacy, include acceptance, justice and accountability.
Correct answer: A. Because different views are natural in society and should be expressed peacefully
Explanation: Step 1: People do not think alike in a democracy. Step 2: Expressing disagreement peacefully and rationally is linked with civil liberty. Step 3: In exams, connect disagreement with dialogue and tolerance.
Correct answer: A. Because the same word may have different meanings in different contexts
Explanation: Step 1: Words like justice, liberty and equality are used in many meanings. Step 2: Political theory reduces confusion by clarifying them. Step 3: In exams, write the context along with the definition.
Correct answer: A. Because the use of power and its acceptance can be different things
Explanation: Step 1: Power is the ability to influence others. Step 2: Authority exists when power is seen as rightful and accepted. Step 3: In exams, clearly show the difference between power and acceptance.
Correct answer: A. Treating every person as worthy of respect
Explanation: Step 1: Human dignity means every person has value. Step 2: It supports discussions on rights, equality and justice. Step 3: In exams, connect dignity with respect and equal human worth.
Correct answer: A. Because politics also raises questions of right and wrong
Explanation: Step 1: Politics is not only about power. Step 2: It includes questions of right and wrong such as justice, rights and duties. Step 3: Understand morality as a guide for political decisions.
Correct answer: A. It is based on reasons, examples and clear thinking
Explanation: Step 1: Reasoning is very important in political theory. Step 2: A good argument becomes strong through reasons, examples and clarity. Step 3: In exams, do not write only a claim; give reasons behind it.
Correct answer: A. Rights of others and welfare of society
Explanation: Step 1: Liberty is important, but it cannot be unlimited. Step 2: When someone's liberty harms others, limits may become necessary. Step 3: In exams, write liberty along with responsibility.
Correct answer: A. Citizens receiving equal respect and basic rights
Explanation: Step 1: Equal citizenship means equal human and political status. Step 2: Basic rights, respect and participation matter in it. Step 3: In exams, connect it with the idea against discrimination.
Correct answer: A. To understand the thinker's ideas with context and present relevance
Explanation: Step 1: Thinkers reflect on the problems of their time. Step 2: Understanding them in context gives proper meaning to their ideas. Step 3: In exams, do not stop at the name; write the idea and context too.
Correct answer: A. When some groups are denied opportunities
Explanation: Step 1: Social justice is linked with inequality in opportunity and respect. Step 2: Understanding the condition of disadvantaged groups is an important part of it. Step 3: In exams, connect social justice with opportunity, respect and reform.
Correct answer: A. Because using rights is linked with responsibility towards others and society
Explanation: Step 1: Rights give individuals justified claims. Step 2: Duties show that these claims should be used responsibly. Step 3: In exams, present rights and duties as a balanced relationship.
Correct answer: A. How the state should treat different ways of life
Explanation: Step 1: People in society may have different beliefs and ways of life. Step 2: Neutrality asks whether the state is giving unfair advantage to one view. Step 3: In exams, connect neutrality with equal treatment and justice.
Correct answer: A. Because individuals live their rights, identity and responsibilities within a community
Explanation: Step 1: Human beings live in social life. Step 2: Rights, identity and responsibility gain meaning within a community. Step 3: In exams, write the relation between individual and community in a balanced way.
Correct answer: A. Because some values are preserved and some arrangements are reformed in society
Explanation: Step 1: Society is influenced by both old beliefs and new needs. Step 2: Political theory examines what should be preserved and what should be reformed. Step 3: In exams, avoid blind acceptance or blind rejection.
Correct answer: A. Is this policy just and how does it affect citizens?
Explanation: Step 1: The value of a policy is understood through its effects. Step 2: Political theory studies how a policy affects justice, equality and liberty. Step 3: In exams, connect policy with citizens' lives.
Correct answer: A. It helps understand different views through reason and find peaceful solutions
Explanation: Step 1: Differences are natural in society. Step 2: Dialogue helps people understand one another through reason. Step 3: In exams, connect dialogue with democracy and tolerance.
Correct answer: A. Understanding concepts, adding examples and building answers with reasoning
Explanation: Step 1: Understanding concepts is necessary in political theory. Step 2: Examples and reasoning make an answer stronger. Step 3: In exams, keep a small balance of definition, reason and example.
Correct answer: B. When the student connects ideas like justice liberty and equality with real-life situations
Explanation: Step 1: Political theory is not limited to memorizing names or institutions. Step 2: It becomes meaningful when ideas such as justice liberty and equality are connected with everyday social and political situations. Step 3: In exam questions choose the option that links concepts with real-life understanding.
