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SubjectsPolitical Science
राजनीतिक सिद्धांत: एक परिचय
This Class 11 Political Science topic introduces students to political theory as a systematic way of thinking about public life, power, institutions and collective decisions. As part of Part 2: Political Theory, it helps learners examine ideas such as freedom, equality, justice, rights, citizenship and authority, while connecting these concepts with everyday experiences and democratic society. Students develop the ability to ask political questions, compare viewpoints and understand why different principles shape laws and public institutions.
Correct answer: A. What should be right and fair
Explanation: Step 1: Normative questions deal with right, wrong, fair and unfair. Step 2: Political theory uses such questions to think about a just society. Step 3: In exams, connect should-based questions with value-based thinking.
Correct answer: A. Because it also examines the meaning and values behind facts
Explanation: Step 1: Facts tell us what happened, but theory asks what it means. Step 2: Political theory understands facts through values such as justice, rights and equality. Step 3: In exams, keep the difference between facts and values clear.
Correct answer: A. When the fairness of a public decision has to be examined
Explanation: Step 1: Public decisions affect the lives of many people. Step 2: Political theory teaches us to examine whether a decision is just and fair. Step 3: In policy or decision questions, keep justice as a key standard.
Correct answer: A. The relation between individual choice and social limits
Explanation: Step 1: Liberty gives an individual the ability to choose. Step 2: But living in society also creates some reasonable limits. Step 3: In exam answers, present liberty as responsible choice, not arbitrariness.
Correct answer: A. Fairness of respect and opportunity
Explanation: Step 1: Equality does not mean giving exactly the same thing in every situation. Step 2: Its focus is respect, opportunity and freedom from discrimination. Step 3: In exams, connect equality with fair opportunity and human dignity.
Correct answer: A. How people should be treated fairly
Explanation: Step 1: Justice is mainly about fair and proper treatment. Step 2: It also connects with rights, opportunities and distribution of resources. Step 3: In justice-based questions, mention fairness and proper treatment together.
Correct answer: A. Because rights are linked with dignity and protection of the individual
Explanation: Step 1: Rights give respect and protection to individuals. Step 2: Political theory explains why rights are needed and what their limits may be. Step 3: Study rights along with duties and public interest.
Correct answer: A. So that power is not misused
Explanation: Step 1: The state has the power to make and enforce laws. Step 2: Without control, this power may affect citizens' rights. Step 3: In answers on state power, include accountability and limits.
Correct answer: A. Reasoned thinking on public issues
Explanation: Step 1: Political theory develops the habit of thinking about public questions. Step 2: It helps students examine claims through reasons and values. Step 3: In exams, connect it with reasoned citizenship.
Correct answer: A. It helps us understand dialogue and disagreement
Explanation: Step 1: In democracy, different views and disagreement are natural. Step 2: Political theory teaches how to turn differences into reasoned dialogue. Step 3: In exam answers on democracy, focus on dialogue and participation.
Correct answer: B. To understand and examine ideas related to political life
Explanation: Step 1: Political theory helps us understand basic ideas of political life. Step 2: It examines ideas like justice, liberty, equality and rights. Step 3: In exams, remember that it studies ideas, not just events.
Correct answer: B. Because it helps understand political ideas deeply
Explanation: Step 1: In political theory, collecting information is not enough. Step 2: Asking questions helps us understand the value and limits of an idea. Step 3: In answers, highlight critical thinking as the key point.
Correct answer: A. Meaning of justice and equality
Explanation: Step 1: Political theory reflects on basic ideas linked with society and government. Step 2: Justice and equality are central political ideas. Step 3: While identifying the topic, check whether it relates to public life and rights.
Correct answer: A. It gives citizens the ability to think about public issues
Explanation: Step 1: In civic life, we face many public questions. Step 2: Political theory helps us think about rights, duties and justice. Step 3: In exams, connect its usefulness with citizen awareness.
Correct answer: A. Political theory is the reflective part of political science
Explanation: Step 1: Political science studies government, state and society. Step 2: Political theory explains the basic ideas and values linked with them. Step 3: Treat it as the idea and value based part of political science.
Correct answer: A. How much and what kind of liberty should people have?
Explanation: Step 1: Liberty is a major concept of political theory. Step 2: It considers individual freedom, limits and responsibility. Step 3: In liberty questions, look at both rights and limits.
Correct answer: A. The question of fair opportunity and respect among people
Explanation: Step 1: Equality does not mean making everyone identical in every way. Step 2: It is linked with opportunity, respect and discrimination. Step 3: In exams, connect equality with fair treatment and opportunity.
Correct answer: A. To understand which claims between individual and society are justified
Explanation: Step 1: Rights express the justified claims of individuals. Step 2: Political theory studies how these claims relate to society and the state. Step 3: While writing on rights, do not separate them from duties and public interest.
Correct answer: A. When society is debating a just law
Explanation: Step 1: Political theory understands conflicts and values in public life. Step 2: A debate on a just law involves rights, equality and the role of the state. Step 3: In such questions, identify the public interest.
Correct answer: A. Should the state ensure equal opportunity for all?
Explanation: Step 1: Normative questions ask what ought to be. Step 2: Ensuring equal opportunity is linked with justice and state responsibility. Step 3: In exams, identify signals like should, fair and just.
Correct answer: A. What type of government exists in a country?
Explanation: Step 1: Factual questions are linked with actual information or situations. Step 2: Asking about the form of government in a country seeks a fact. Step 3: Understanding the difference between factual and normative questions is very useful.
Correct answer: A. Because it also reflects on present public issues
Explanation: Step 1: Political theory learns from old thinkers. Step 2: It also applies to present questions of rights, equality and citizenship. Step 3: In answers, show the link between past and present.
Correct answer: A. How much and how the state should intervene in citizens' lives
Explanation: Step 1: The state is a major institution of political life. Step 2: Political theory reflects on its power, limits and responsibilities. Step 3: In state related answers, connect rights with public welfare.
Correct answer: B. As a system of participation, equal respect and accountability
Explanation: Step 1: Democracy is not limited to elections. Step 2: It includes people's participation, equal respect and accountability. Step 3: In exams, present democracy as a broad political value.
Correct answer: A. To understand their strengths, limits and uses
Explanation: Step 1: Different ideas explain the same problem in different ways. Step 2: Comparison helps us see which idea is useful in which situation. Step 3: While comparing, write both similarities and differences.
