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SubjectsPolitical Science
राजनीतिक सिद्धांत: एक परिचय
This Class 11 Political Science topic introduces students to political theory as a systematic way of thinking about public life, power, institutions and collective decisions. As part of Part 2: Political Theory, it helps learners examine ideas such as freedom, equality, justice, rights, citizenship and authority, while connecting these concepts with everyday experiences and democratic society. Students develop the ability to ask political questions, compare viewpoints and understand why different principles shape laws and public institutions.
Correct answer: A. Questions about how society should be
Explanation: Step 1: Normative questions are related to right and wrong or fair and unfair. Step 2: Political theory asks such questions about what a just society should be like. Step 3: In exams, connect should be questions with normative thinking.
Correct answer: A. Political theory is the reflective base of political science
Explanation: Step 1: Political science studies the state, government and political behaviour. Step 2: Political theory examines the basic ideas and values behind them. Step 3: In relation-based questions, treat political theory as a reflective foundation.
Correct answer: A. A part of reasoned discussion
Explanation: Step 1: Different opinions are natural in a democracy. Step 2: Political theory helps us understand disagreement through reason and respect. Step 3: In exams, connect disagreement with democratic dialogue.
Correct answer: A. Because a citizen is connected with both rights and responsibilities
Explanation: Step 1: A citizen is not merely a member of the state but an active part of public life. Step 2: A citizen has rights as well as responsibilities toward society. Step 3: In citizenship questions, mention both rights and responsibilities.
Correct answer: A. Examining the impact and fairness of a law
Explanation: Step 1: The critical method examines an idea or rule carefully. Step 2: Checking the impact and fairness of a law is an example of this method. Step 3: In exams, connect critical method with examination, reasoning and consequences.
Correct answer: A. Because rights help protect liberty
Explanation: Step 1: Liberty becomes meaningful when individuals have certain protected claims. Step 2: Rights give recognition to these claims before society and the state. Step 3: In exams, understand rights and liberty as complementary ideas.
Correct answer: A. Unfair privilege and discrimination
Explanation: Step 1: Equality is connected with fairness of opportunity and respect in society. Step 2: It challenges unfair privilege and discrimination. Step 3: In exams, remember fair opportunity and removal of discrimination.
Correct answer: A. Because it shows how the idea developed
Explanation: Step 1: Political ideas develop within social and historical conditions. Step 2: Knowing the background helps us understand their meaning and change. Step 3: In exams, connect an idea with its context.
Correct answer: A. How power is gained, used and controlled
Explanation: Step 1: Power is linked with the ability to make decisions in political life. Step 2: Political theory examines who has power, how it is used and how it is controlled. Step 3: In exams, add control and accountability while discussing power.
Correct answer: A. How should the government protect citizens' rights
Explanation: Step 1: Political theory deals with questions about the state, citizens and rights. Step 2: The protection of rights by government is connected with political values and institutions. Step 3: In exams, identify rights, state and justice in deeper political questions.
Correct answer: A. Because clarity allows proper discussion of ideas
Explanation: Step 1: Words like justice, rights and liberty must be understood clearly. Step 2: If meanings are unclear, discussion becomes confusing. Step 3: In exams, explain key terms simply and accurately.
Correct answer: A. Because individual liberty and others' safety are both important
Explanation: Step 1: Liberty is necessary for the individual, but its use should not harm others. Step 2: Therefore, balancing liberty with social safety is difficult but necessary. Step 3: In exams, keep the idea of balance in mind for questions on limits.
Correct answer: A. It teaches us to examine ideas through reason
Explanation: Step 1: Blind following means accepting something without understanding it. Step 2: Political theory builds the habit of thinking through reason, questions and examination. Step 3: In exams, write reasoned thinking as the opposite of blind following.
Correct answer: A. A student can discuss the fairness of rules with reasons
Explanation: Step 1: Student life also includes experiences related to rules, rights and responsibilities. Step 2: Political theory teaches how to discuss these experiences with reasons. Step 3: In exams, everyday examples can make usefulness clear.
Correct answer: A. Fair and proper treatment of people
Explanation: Step 1: Justice is concerned with fair treatment of people. Step 2: It may include questions of rights, opportunities and fair distribution of resources. Step 3: In exams, keep fairness and proper treatment at the centre.
Correct answer: A. Because it is linked with the welfare of society, not only one person
Explanation: Step 1: Public interest means the wider welfare of society. Step 2: Political decisions should consider social impact, not only private gain. Step 3: In exams, connect public interest with policy, rights and responsibility.
Correct answer: A. It explains the values and principles behind them
Explanation: Step 1: Documents like a constitution are not merely lists of rules. Step 2: Values such as justice, rights, equality and liberty stand behind them. Step 3: In exams, identify both rules and values in constitutional questions.
Correct answer: A. Its ideas continue to apply to new social questions
Explanation: Step 1: Ideas of political theory can be applied to new questions over time. Step 2: Themes like justice, equality and rights remain important in public life today. Step 3: In exams, treat it as connected with changing society, not as a fixed list.
Correct answer: A. To understand their strengths and limits
Explanation: Step 1: Different political ideas may answer the same question differently. Step 2: Comparison clarifies their strengths, limits and usefulness. Step 3: In comparison questions, notice both similarities and differences.
Correct answer: A. When exercise of personal liberty affects others' safety
Explanation: Step 1: Rights are important, but their exercise should not harm others' safety. Step 2: That is why balance between public order and personal liberty is needed. Step 3: In exam questions on balance, consider both rights and social safety.
Correct answer: A. Because political decisions are linked with questions of right and wrong
Explanation: Step 1: Political decisions affect people's lives and rights. Step 2: Therefore, they involve moral questions such as right, wrong, just and unjust. Step 3: In exams, connect morality with value-based political thinking.
Correct answer: A. Whether it promotes justice, rights and accountability
Explanation: Step 1: The value of an institution is not decided by its size or name. Step 2: Political theory asks whether it promotes justice, rights and accountability. Step 3: In exams, judge institutions by their democratic and fair impact.
Correct answer: A. Deeper understanding is based on reasoning and examination
Explanation: Step 1: Common sense may be useful, but it is not always enough. Step 2: Political theory studies issues more deeply through reasoning and examination. Step 3: In exams, connect deeper understanding with reasons and analysis.
Correct answer: A. Fairness of opportunity, respect and resources in society
Explanation: Step 1: Social justice is connected with life opportunities of different groups in society. Step 2: It focuses on fair distribution of respect, opportunities and resources. Step 3: In exams, see social justice as more than law; include real equality.
Correct answer: A. Understanding key ideas with examples and reasoning
Explanation: Step 1: An introductory chapter builds the foundation of basic ideas. Step 2: Answers improve when ideas like justice, liberty, equality and rights are understood through examples. Step 3: For exams, focus more on understanding and reasoning than memorisation.
