Nationalism

Step 1: Equal citizenship means the state treats all citizens as equal legal members. Step 2: It reduces the tendency to treat any group as inferior citizens. Step 3: In exams connect equal citizenship with inclusive nationalism.

Step 1: Political freedom is important but equality within society is also necessary. Step 2: Ignoring social equality can prevent many citizens from feeling equal in the nation. Step 3: In exams write freedom and equality together.

Step 1: Culture changes over time and is formed from many sources. Step 2: Democratic shared culture respects different traditions. Step 3: Do not treat culture as closed and uniform in exams.

Step 1: Democratic nationalism treats the citizen as an active member. Step 2: Public responsibilities go along with rights. Step 3: Do not write duties as the opposite of rights in exams.

Step 1: Self-determination is based on people's dignity and political voice. Step 2: Hatred or violence alone does not provide legitimacy. Step 3: Link self-determination with justice and participation in exams.

Step 1: A map shows the boundary of a state. Step 2: Memory emotionally connects people with that place and community. Step 3: Do not treat nationalism as only geography in exams.

Step 1: Birth-based superiority goes against civic equality. Step 2: Such thinking can exclude people of different origins or backgrounds. Step 3: Identify ethnic nationalism through descent and origin in exams.

Step 1: In democracy citizens ask questions and suggest reforms. Step 2: Treating dissent as hostility weakens freedom. Step 3: Keep a difference between criticism and anti-national feeling in exams.

Step 1: Federalism gives political space to regional diversities. Step 2: People with distinct identities can feel respected in the common nation. Step 3: Understand federalism as balance not division in exams.

Step 1: National pride can be positive self-respect. Step 2: It becomes morally problematic when it demeans others. Step 3: Clearly separate pride from arrogance in exams.

Step 1: Inclusive nationalism accepts diversity. Step 2: It is based on citizenship and equal rights. Step 3: Do not define the nation only through cultural uniformity in exams.

Step 1: Nationalism can unite people. Step 2: In a narrow form it can suppress dissent and rights. Step 3: Write the relation in a balanced way rather than one-sided in exams.

Step 1: National symbols create shared identity. Step 2: In democracy their respect should be voluntary and value-based. Step 3: In exams mention the importance of both symbols and rights.

Step 1: Language is connected with people's memory and identity. Step 2: Respecting languages increases trust in the common nation. Step 3: Do not immediately treat diversity as a threat in exams.

Step 1: Civic education gives people an understanding of shared life. Step 2: Good education increases both critical thinking and responsibility. Step 3: Keep education separate from blind discipline in exams.

Step 1: Selective history highlights only some events. Step 2: It can make the contribution or suffering of some communities invisible. Step 3: Understand the use of history critically in exams.

Step 1: The state is a legal and institutional structure. Step 2: The nation may be a community of shared identity and feeling. Step 3: Write both the relation and difference in exams.

Step 1: A feeling of external threat can sometimes unite people. Step 2: But if identity rests only on an imagined enemy civic values become weak. Step 3: Write the difference between negative unity and positive unity in exams.

Step 1: The nation is a shared community of citizens. Step 2: Groups with smaller numbers also have equal dignity. Step 3: Link minority rights with trust and justice in exams.

Step 1: Narrow nationalism is uncomfortable with diversity. Step 2: It presents one identity as the only true face of the nation. Step 3: Carefully identify the language of exclusion in exams.

Step 1: Nationalism is not only memory of the past. Step 2: A shared future creates responsibility and hope among citizens. Step 3: Write both past and future together in exams.

Step 1: Rule of law prevents arbitrary power. Step 2: In democratic nationalism citizen protection becomes stronger through it. Step 3: Do not place love for nation above law in exams.

Step 1: National integration means living together in a common framework. Step 2: Imposing cultural uniformity can suppress distinct identities. Step 3: Separate integration from uniformity in exams.

Step 1: Regional identity is linked with people's life and culture. Step 2: With respect and representation it can exist within the national framework. Step 3: Do not always link regionalism with division in exams.

Step 1: The nation is an idea of shared life. Step 2: Public interest encourages citizens to think beyond private gain. Step 3: Keep national interest separate from the interest of one class in exams.