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SubjectsPolitical Science
न्याय
In Class 11 Political Science, this topic from Part 2: Political Theory explores the meaning and importance of justice in public life. Students examine equality, fair treatment, recognition of different needs, and the just distribution of rights, opportunities, and resources. They consider how societies can balance individual freedom with social responsibilities, understand the idea of a just society, and apply these concepts to issues of discrimination, poverty, and unequal access.
Correct answer: A. Correcting historical exclusion and ensuring dignified access
Explanation: Step 1: Long exclusion can affect present life too. Step 2: A just policy will try to improve both dignity and access. Step 3: Link historical injustice with present opportunity.
Correct answer: A. Justice only means winning a case in court
Explanation: Step 1: Justice has a broad meaning. Step 2: Limiting it only to court cases is a narrow understanding. Step 3: In the broad meaning, include law, distribution, rights, and dignity.
Correct answer: A. Clear and fair criteria
Explanation: Step 1: Scarce resources can create disputes. Step 2: Clear and fair criteria make distribution trustworthy. Step 3: In distribution questions, treat criteria as a key word.
Correct answer: A. Because hearing and participation matter in justice
Explanation: Step 1: A just decision should hear the affected sides. Step 2: A decision without hearing can become one-sided. Step 3: Understand hearing as part of fair procedure.
Correct answer: A. Because resources alone are not enough if a person must live with humiliation
Explanation: Step 1: Social justice looks at dignity along with living conditions. Step 2: Humiliation and discrimination weaken dignity. Step 3: In social justice, mention both resources and respect.
Correct answer: A. A just policy is based on clear reasons and rules
Explanation: Step 1: The basis of a just policy can be explained. Step 2: An arbitrary policy depends on personal will or reasonless decision. Step 3: Treat reasons and rules as signs of justice.
Correct answer: A. Demand to reduce starting barriers
Explanation: Step 1: Fair rules are necessary but may not be sufficient. Step 2: Starting barriers can make competition unequal. Step 3: In equality of opportunity, focus on initial conditions.
Correct answer: A. Social justice is only about increasing the comfort of the rich
Explanation: Step 1: Social justice is not aimed only at privileged groups. Step 2: It is concerned with the opportunity and dignity of disadvantaged people. Step 3: Wrong options are often strongly biased.
Correct answer: A. People can understand and examine the basis of selection
Explanation: Step 1: Transparency makes decisions open. Step 2: It lets people see whether selection happened on fair grounds. Step 3: Connect transparency in selection with trust.
Correct answer: A. Because inborn ability does not come from a person's choice
Explanation: Step 1: Inborn talent is not the result of one's own choice. Step 2: Rawls therefore does not want life chances to depend only on luck. Step 3: In Rawls, understand the relation between luck and justice.
Correct answer: A. It gives them a real chance to present their side
Explanation: Step 1: A poor person may not present their case properly without legal help. Step 2: Legal aid makes hearing more real and fair. Step 3: Connect legal aid with fair procedure.
Correct answer: A. Misuse of power and bias
Explanation: Step 1: Accountability makes decision-makers answerable. Step 2: Without it, misuse of power becomes easier. Step 3: Understand accountability as control over power.
Correct answer: A. Reasonable accommodation for equal access
Explanation: Step 1: Equal opportunity sometimes needs different support. Step 2: A ramp gives a student with disability real access to school. Step 3: Connect accommodation with access, not favouritism.
Correct answer: A. Merit
Explanation: Step 1: Using highest marks as the basis focuses on achievement. Step 2: This is an example of merit-based distribution. Step 3: In such questions, also ask whether opportunities were equal.
Correct answer: A. Balance of need and merit
Explanation: Step 1: The condition of eligibility shows merit. Step 2: Giving priority to the poorest shows need. Step 3: In justice, several bases can work together.
Correct answer: A. Because evidence protects the decision from rumour and bias
Explanation: Step 1: Justice cannot run on guesses. Step 2: Evidence gives a solid and fair basis to decisions. Step 3: In punishment and hearing questions, mention evidence.
Correct answer: A. Rural students receiving safe transport to exam centres and preparation support
Explanation: Step 1: Real equality comes by reducing barriers. Step 2: Transport and preparation support improve access for rural students. Step 3: In equality of opportunity, check information, resources, and access.
Correct answer: A. Gap between stated aim and actual beneficiaries
Explanation: Step 1: Both the aim and actual result of a policy must be examined. Step 2: If powerful people receive the benefit, the justice goal becomes weak. Step 3: In policy analysis, identify the real beneficiaries.
Correct answer: A. Because one person's right should not harm another's right
Explanation: Step 1: Rights protect dignity and freedom. Step 2: But the use of rights should not hurt the rights of others. Step 3: Read rights together with responsibility.
Correct answer: A. When the seriousness and circumstances of offences differ
Explanation: Step 1: Equal punishment is fair only when situations are truly similar. Step 2: If seriousness or context differs, equal punishment may be disproportionate. Step 3: In punishment, check equality along with proportion.
Correct answer: A. Violation of equal opportunity and merit
Explanation: Step 1: Advantage based on birth is an arbitrary inequality. Step 2: It weakens both merit and equal opportunity. Step 3: Recognise birth privilege as a sign against justice.
Correct answer: A. Because they clarify differences among equality, need, merit, and rights
Explanation: Step 1: Justice is understood through several bases. Step 2: Examples show which basis is more suitable in which situation. Step 3: In exams, example-based reasoning is more effective.
Correct answer: A. When tax revenue is spent on basic services like education and health
Explanation: Step 1: Tax is a resource collected from the public. Step 2: Using it for education, health, and basic services shows justice linked with public welfare. Step 3: In tax and justice, check both ability to pay and use.
Correct answer: A. Because lack of power may cause their problem to be suppressed
Explanation: Step 1: Power is not equally distributed in society. Step 2: If the weaker person's voice is not heard, injustice may remain hidden. Step 3: In justice, connect hearing with dignity and rights.
Correct answer: A. Examining equality, need, merit, rights, and procedure together according to the situation
Explanation: Step 1: Justice is not always decided by one single basis. Step 2: Different bases may matter in different situations. Step 3: In difficult questions, give a balanced and context-based answer.
