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SubjectsPolitical Science
न्याय
In Class 11 Political Science, this topic from Part 2: Political Theory explores the meaning and importance of justice in public life. Students examine equality, fair treatment, recognition of different needs, and the just distribution of rights, opportunities, and resources. They consider how societies can balance individual freedom with social responsibilities, understand the idea of a just society, and apply these concepts to issues of discrimination, poverty, and unequal access.
Correct answer: B. Because without health a person cannot properly use opportunities
Explanation: Step 1: Health is a basic need of life. Step 2: A sick person cannot properly participate in education work and civic life. Step 3: In exams connect health with social justice and dignity.
Correct answer: A. To know who receives the benefit and burden of the policy
Explanation: Step 1: Every policy does not affect everyone equally. Step 2: Identifying affected groups makes just evaluation possible. Step 3: In policy questions examine both benefit and burden.
Correct answer: A. Inequality of information and access
Explanation: Step 1: People can benefit from a scheme only when they know about it. Step 2: Lack of information can keep poor people away from rights or facilities. Step 3: In exams connect information with transparency and access.
Correct answer: A. A school suspends a student without giving any reason
Explanation: Step 1: A decision like suspension affects a person. Step 2: Deciding without reasons and hearing can be unjust. Step 3: In exams connect hearing with procedural justice.
Correct answer: B. On the basis of real need or fair responsibility
Explanation: Step 1: Justice does not reject every difference. Step 2: If a difference is based on real need or fair responsibility it can be just. Step 3: In exams identify the basis of difference.
Correct answer: B. Because it gives extra benefit to some people without fair reason
Explanation: Step 1: Privilege often comes from birth wealth or connection. Step 2: Such benefit is not based on merit or need and can make opportunities unequal. Step 3: In exams connect privilege with unfair advantage.
Correct answer: A. Equal opportunity gives everyone a fair chance while equal outcome makes final benefit the same
Explanation: Step 1: Equal opportunity gives a chance to progress. Step 2: Equal outcome talks about making final benefit the same. Step 3: In exams keep the difference between chance and final benefit clear.
Correct answer: A. Purchasing power can make access to opportunities unequal
Explanation: Step 1: In the market wealth can affect access to education health and facilities. Step 2: Very poor people may remain away from necessary opportunities. Step 3: In exams write the role of the market in a balanced way.
Correct answer: A. It brings people's problems and needs into policy
Explanation: Step 1: Citizen participation brings real problems forward. Step 2: This can make policy more responsive and just. Step 3: In exams connect participation with democratic justice.
Correct answer: A. When the first decision may be wrong or biased
Explanation: Step 1: There can be a possibility of error in any decision. Step 2: The right to appeal gives a chance for correction and review. Step 3: In exams connect appeal with procedural justice and accountability.
Correct answer: B. Giving the same relief to a severely affected and less affected family
Explanation: Step 1: Equal sharing is not just in every situation. Step 2: In a disaster the more affected family may have greater need. Step 3: In exams explain the difference between equal and fair sharing.
Correct answer: A. It limits arbitrary power
Explanation: Step 1: Rule of law means decisions will follow rules. Step 2: This limits arbitrary use of power. Step 3: In exams connect rule of law with a fair order.
Correct answer: A. A decision that considers the wider good of society
Explanation: Step 1: Public interest is linked with the wider good of society. Step 2: A just policy is not limited to the benefit of a few people. Step 3: In exams connect public interest with policy and social justice.
Correct answer: A. When equal relief is given to all but some are more affected
Explanation: Step 1: Equal relief may look fair at first. Step 2: But more affected people may have greater needs. Step 3: In exams understand the balance between equality and need.
Correct answer: A. Because without preparation facilities competition may remain equal only on paper
Explanation: Step 1: Equal rules are necessary in competition. Step 2: But if preparation resources differ greatly real competition becomes weak. Step 3: In exams add equality of opportunity to fair competition.
Correct answer: A. Barrier of information and access
Explanation: Step 1: Difficulty of language can become a barrier to information. Step 2: Without information the student cannot benefit from the scheme. Step 3: In exams connect access to information with real opportunity.
Correct answer: A. Because their problems may be hidden in general decisions
Explanation: Step 1: Weaker sections may not easily present their problems. Step 2: Hearing their voice makes policy more just. Step 3: In exams connect hearing with participation and social justice.
Correct answer: B. Social justice
Explanation: Step 1: Social justice seriously examines inequalities received by birth. Step 2: Its aim is to make opportunities more just. Step 3: In exams connect birth based inequality with social justice.
Correct answer: A. Raising resources for public services
Explanation: Step 1: Taxation gives the state resources for public work. Step 2: Education health and support schemes can help social justice. Step 3: In exams understand taxation also in the context of public interest.
Correct answer: C. Bias and misuse of power
Explanation: Step 1: Breaking rules to benefit a personal relation goes against fairness. Step 2: It is an example of bias and misuse of power. Step 3: In exams treat relation based benefit as injustice.
Correct answer: A. Because they protect decisions from guesswork and rumour
Explanation: Step 1: A just decision should be based on solid information. Step 2: Evidence reduces the influence of arbitrariness and rumour. Step 3: In exams connect evidence with proper procedure.
Correct answer: A. Safe transport to school or arrangement of a nearby school
Explanation: Step 1: Distance and safety can become real barriers to education. Step 2: Transport or a nearby school makes opportunity real. Step 3: In exams connect removal of barriers with social justice.
Correct answer: A. Charity may depend on willingness while a right gives a rightful claim
Explanation: Step 1: Charity may be help but it does not always give a guaranteed claim. Step 2: A right gives a person the basis for a rightful claim. Step 3: In exams understand justice as rights based.
Correct answer: A. When neither the process nor the effect of a policy is examined
Explanation: Step 1: Good intention is useful but justice needs a proper system. Step 2: Without checking process and outcome a policy may have unjust effects. Step 3: In exams check intention process and outcome together.
Correct answer: A. When it blocks education health dignity and opportunities
Explanation: Step 1: Every difference is not injustice. Step 2: But when inequality blocks essential opportunities and dignity the question of justice arises. Step 3: In exams always write the effect of inequality.
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