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SubjectsPolitical Science
न्याय
In Class 11 Political Science, this topic from Part 2: Political Theory explores the meaning and importance of justice in public life. Students examine equality, fair treatment, recognition of different needs, and the just distribution of rights, opportunities, and resources. They consider how societies can balance individual freedom with social responsibilities, understand the idea of a just society, and apply these concepts to issues of discrimination, poverty, and unequal access.
Correct answer: A. So that benefits and harms of the policy can be understood properly
Explanation: Step 1: Every policy does not affect everyone in the same way. Step 2: Identifying affected groups helps check whether the policy is just. Step 3: In policy questions always see who is affected.
Correct answer: A. Veil of ignorance
Explanation: Step 1: The veil of ignorance is linked with Rawls view of justice. Step 2: In it a person does not know their caste wealth or position and chooses fair rules. Step 3: In exams write it as an imagination of fairness.
Correct answer: A. It gives extra benefit to some people without fair reason
Explanation: Step 1: In privilege benefit may come from birth wealth or connection rather than fair reason. Step 2: This weakens equal opportunity. Step 3: In exams connect privilege with unfair advantage.
Correct answer: A. Providing school transport or a local school
Explanation: Step 1: Distance can become a barrier to education. Step 2: Transport or a local school gives children a real opportunity. Step 3: In exams connect removal of barriers with social justice.
Correct answer: A. When the nature of work and responsibility are similar
Explanation: Step 1: Equal pay is based on equal work and equal responsibility. Step 2: If work is similar different pay can become discrimination. Step 3: In exams connect equal work with equal pay.
Correct answer: A. Justice will be weakened because process is also important
Explanation: Step 1: Justice is not measured only by the final outcome. Step 2: The process used to reach a decision must also be fair. Step 3: In exams give importance to both process and outcome.
Correct answer: A. Raising resources for public facilities and support for weaker sections
Explanation: Step 1: Through taxation the state gets resources for public work. Step 2: Education health and support schemes can help social justice. Step 3: In exams connect taxation not only with burden but also with public interest.
Correct answer: A. An element of fair procedure
Explanation: Step 1: A chance to present one's side is linked with hearing. Step 2: Deciding without hearing increases the possibility of injustice. Step 3: In exams connect hearing with procedural justice.
Correct answer: A. The challenge of unequal power within equal rules
Explanation: Step 1: Even when rules are equal differences in power and wealth can influence them. Step 2: This can reduce real fairness. Step 3: In exams examine power relations along with rules.
Correct answer: A. When the market excludes the poor from essential services
Explanation: Step 1: If essential services depend only on purchasing power the poor may be excluded. Step 2: The state can promote justice by supporting services like education and health. Step 3: In exams write the role of the state in a balanced way.
Correct answer: A. Because dignity also needs rights opportunities and secure life
Explanation: Step 1: Dignity does not mean only polite words. Step 2: A dignified life also needs rights security and opportunities. Step 3: In exams connect dignity with real conditions of life.
Correct answer: A. Equal opportunity gives a chance while equal outcome gives the same final benefit to all
Explanation: Step 1: Equal opportunity means everyone gets a fair chance to progress. Step 2: Equal outcome means the final benefit is the same for all. Step 3: In exams keep the difference between chance and final benefit clear.
Correct answer: A. While distributing disaster relief
Explanation: Step 1: The aim of disaster relief is to help the most affected people. Step 2: Here seriousness of need matters more than merit. Step 3: In relief related examples write need based justice.
Correct answer: A. When its purpose is to reduce historical inequality and lack of opportunity
Explanation: Step 1: Unfair favoritism gives benefit without fair reason. Step 2: In social justice special support can aim to reduce historical disadvantage. Step 3: In exams decide by checking the purpose.
Correct answer: A. People can understand their rights and procedures
Explanation: Step 1: Without information a person cannot use their rights. Step 2: Clear information increases participation and trust in the process. Step 3: In exams connect information with transparency.
Correct answer: A. The effect and reason of the rule should be reviewed
Explanation: Step 1: A rule may look equal but its effect can be unequal. Step 2: For justice the effect and reason must be examined. Step 3: In exams check both the rule and its impact.
Correct answer: A. Because justice balances both and creates opportunity for all
Explanation: Step 1: Liberty gives a person the chance to choose. Step 2: Equality ensures that this chance is not limited to only a few people. Step 3: In exams emphasize the balance between both values.
Correct answer: A. Asking everyone to apply online when many students do not have internet
Explanation: Step 1: The online application rule appears equal for everyone. Step 2: But without internet some students may be denied opportunity. Step 3: In exams connect access to facilities with real opportunity.
Correct answer: A. So that people know the basis of distribution
Explanation: Step 1: The basis of resource distribution should be clear. Step 2: Transparency helps people understand the fairness of the decision. Step 3: In exams remember distribution and transparency together.
Correct answer: A. Because their problems may remain hidden in general decisions
Explanation: Step 1: Weaker groups may not easily present their problems. Step 2: Hearing their voice can make policy more just. Step 3: In exams connect hearing with participation and social justice.
Correct answer: A. Inequality of starting opportunities
Explanation: Step 1: Facilities received by birth are not the result of personal effort. Step 2: They make starting opportunities unequal and affect competition. Step 3: In exams connect birth based advantage with inequality of opportunity.
Correct answer: A. How the policy affects whom
Explanation: Step 1: The real meaning of a policy is understood through its effect. Step 2: If a policy harms the weak further questions of justice arise. Step 3: In exams use impact based analysis.
Correct answer: A. It gives a chance to correct wrong or biased decisions
Explanation: Step 1: Any decision can have an error. Step 2: The right to appeal gives a person a process for correction. Step 3: In exams connect appeal with just procedure and accountability.
Correct answer: A. Whether equal sharing is actually fair sharing
Explanation: Step 1: Equal sharing is not always just. Step 2: Giving the same amount to a group with greater need may not solve its problem. Step 3: In exams clearly explain the difference between equal and fair.
Correct answer: A. So that ordinary citizens can understand their rights
Explanation: Step 1: Difficult language can keep citizens away from law. Step 2: Simple procedure helps people understand their rights and remedies. Step 3: In exams treat access as an important part of justice.
