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In Class 11 Political Science, this topic from Part 2: Political Theory explores the meaning and importance of justice in public life. Students examine equality, fair treatment, recognition of different needs, and the just distribution of rights, opportunities, and resources. They consider how societies can balance individual freedom with social responsibilities, understand the idea of a just society, and apply these concepts to issues of discrimination, poverty, and unequal access.
Practice questions
01 The constitutional idea of justice is connected with which areas of public life?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: B. Social, economic, and political life
Explanation: In the Preamble, justice is understood as a broad constitutional goal rather than merely the settlement of individual court cases. It includes social justice, economic justice and political justice. These dimensions seek fair treatment, reduced structural inequality and meaningful participation in public affairs. Hence option B is correct. The other options restrict justice to sports, family customs or profit and ignore its public and democratic scope.
02 Why is balance between equal treatment and special support considered necessary in the theory of justice?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Because every person's situation and need are not the same
Explanation: Step 1: Justice supports equal treatment in similar situations. Step 2: When situations differ special support can help create equal opportunity. Step 3: In exams understand equality and need together.
03 What is the main limitation of making only merit the basis of just distribution?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. It is not necessary that everyone had equal opportunities at the start
Explanation: Step 1: Merit is important but every student or citizen does not start with the same facilities. Step 2: So looking only at merit can ignore hidden inequalities. Step 3: In exams connect merit with equality of opportunity.
04 John Rawls idea of the veil of ignorance mainly helps explain what?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. An imagination for making fair rules
Explanation: Step 1: Behind the veil of ignorance a person does not know their social position in advance. Step 2: So they would choose rules that are safe and fair for all. Step 3: In exams remember Rawls through the idea of fair choice.
05 If a person does not know whether they will be rich or poor in society then what kind of rules are they more likely to choose?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Rules with minimum security for everyone
Explanation: Step 1: When a person does not know their position they try to reduce risk. Step 2: Therefore they would choose rules that give protection even in a weak position. Step 3: Understand this as an example of the veil of ignorance.
06 What does the principle of proportionality in justice emphasize?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Fair basis and balance of benefit or punishment
Explanation: Step 1: Proportionality means a decision should be balanced according to the situation. Step 2: Punishment benefit or share should be decided with a fair reason. Step 3: In exams link proportionality with fair balance.
07 From the viewpoint of social justice how is a policy like reservation understood?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. A measure to reduce historical disadvantage
Explanation: Step 1: Some groups have been denied opportunities for a long time. Step 2: Such a policy can be an attempt to provide real opportunities. Step 3: In exams connect it with social justice and special support.
08 Why are both process and outcome important in the discussion of justice?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Because both proper method and fair effect strengthen justice
Explanation: Step 1: A just process gives people fair hearing and clear rules. Step 2: A just outcome shows that the decision had a fair effect on people. Step 3: In exams mention both method and effect.
09 In which example is the basis of justice more clearly need rather than equality?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Giving treatment first to a serious patient in a hospital
Explanation: Step 1: In a hospital the seriousness of need may differ. Step 2: Treating a serious patient first is an example of need based justice. Step 3: In health related examples identify seriousness of need.
10 If a policy gives equal rights on paper but weaker sections cannot use them then what problem does it indicate?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Lack of real opportunity
Explanation: Step 1: Written rights alone are not enough. Step 2: If a person cannot use the right then real equality remains incomplete. Step 3: In exams write the difference between formal equality and real opportunity.
11 Why is provision of basic facilities considered important in a just society?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. They form the base of dignified life and opportunities
Explanation: Step 1: Facilities like food health education and shelter are basic needs of life. Step 2: Without them a person cannot fully use opportunities. Step 3: In exams connect basic facilities with social justice.
12 In which situation can equal treatment become unjust?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. When different needs are deliberately ignored
Explanation: Step 1: Equal treatment can generally be just. Step 2: But if people's needs differ identical treatment may create unequal effects. Step 3: In exams check the situation along with equal treatment.
13 In the context of justice why does fairness not mean only staying neutral?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Because active support is sometimes needed to remove unequal barriers
Explanation: Step 1: Neutrality can be useful but is not enough in every situation. Step 2: If barriers are unequal support is needed to remove them. Step 3: In exams connect fairness with real opportunity.
14 What is the main basis of rights based justice?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Protection of a person's rightful claims and dignity
Explanation: Step 1: Rights give a person the basis to make rightful claims. Step 2: Justice protects these claims and human dignity. Step 3: In exams connect rights with dignity and protection.
15 What is the importance of evidence and reason in a just decision?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. They protect the decision from arbitrariness
Explanation: Step 1: A just decision should not be based on guesswork. Step 2: Evidence and reason make a decision factual and fair. Step 3: In exams connect evidence with proper procedure.
16 According to which idea should special attention be given to the protection of the least advantaged person in society?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Rawls theory of justice
Explanation: Step 1: Rawls idea emphasizes choosing fair rules. Step 2: Protection of the least advantaged is considered important in this view. Step 3: In exams connect Rawls with protection of weaker sections.
17 What concern related to justice can arise in a free market system?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Opportunities and resources may tilt more toward the wealthy
Explanation: Step 1: In a market purchasing power can affect opportunities. Step 2: Very poor people may remain away from facilities like education or health. Step 3: In exams write the relation between market and social justice in a balanced way.
Correct answer: A. Through basic facilities and support for weaker sections
Explanation: Step 1: A welfare state focuses on people's basic needs. Step 2: Education health and support schemes can make opportunities more just. Step 3: In exams connect welfare state with social justice.
19 If a school has the same rules for all but the fees are so high that poor children cannot get admission then what justice related problem is shown?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Lack of real opportunity despite formal equality
Explanation: Step 1: Rules may look equal but barriers like fees can block opportunity. Step 2: This means equal opportunity is not real for poor children. Step 3: In exams identify the difference between formal and real equality.
20 The idea of public interest in justice is related to what?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Decisions that consider the wider good of society
Explanation: Step 1: Public interest means that a decision serves the wider good of society. Step 2: A just policy does not benefit only a few people but considers common welfare. Step 3: In exams connect public interest with policy and justice.
21 Along with equal rules what else may be necessary for fair competition?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Adequate and equal opportunity for preparation
Explanation: Step 1: Equal rules are necessary in competition. Step 2: But if preparation resources are very unequal real competition may be weak. Step 3: In exams mention both rules and opportunity.
Correct answer: A. Those with authority should explain the reasons for their decisions
Explanation: Step 1: Accountability means power or an institution answers for its actions. Step 2: This reduces arbitrariness and increases public trust. Step 3: In exams connect accountability with transparency and justice.
23 In which example is proportional justice most clearly visible?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Giving higher pay for work with greater responsibility
Explanation: Step 1: Proportional justice accepts difference according to situation and responsibility. Step 2: Higher pay for greater responsibility can be based on a fair reason. Step 3: In exams look for the relation between responsibility and proportion.
24 If two persons commit the same offence but one gets very light punishment and the other gets very harsh punishment then what is the problem?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Unequal punishment in a similar situation
Explanation: Step 1: In the same offence the basis of punishment should also be similar. Step 2: Very different punishment without fair reason harms fairness. Step 3: In punishment questions identify similar situations.
25 Why is social justice not completed merely by making laws?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Because implementation and access to facilities are needed along with law
Explanation: Step 1: Law can be a first step toward justice. Step 2: But if the law is not implemented or people cannot use it justice remains incomplete. Step 3: In exams write both law and implementation.
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