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SubjectsPolitical Science
न्याय
In Class 11 Political Science, this topic from Part 2: Political Theory explores the meaning and importance of justice in public life. Students examine equality, fair treatment, recognition of different needs, and the just distribution of rights, opportunities, and resources. They consider how societies can balance individual freedom with social responsibilities, understand the idea of a just society, and apply these concepts to issues of discrimination, poverty, and unequal access.
Correct answer: B. Trust and fairness
Explanation: Step 1: Justice creates trust in society. Step 2: When people see that rules are fair they trust the system. Step 3: In exams connect justice with social trust.
Correct answer: B. Because people's real conditions may differ
Explanation: Step 1: Equal laws are important but everyone is not in the same situation. Step 2: A weak or disadvantaged person may need support to use the benefit of law. Step 3: In exams understand the difference between legal equality and real opportunity.
Correct answer: B. Person's situation and rightful claim
Explanation: Step 1: Justice considers a person's situation and rightful claim. Step 2: Giving benefit or harm without reason is not just. Step 3: In exams link justice with rightful claim.
Correct answer: A. Fairness
Explanation: Step 1: Rules appear just when they are applied without bias. Step 2: The same rule in the same situation shows fairness. Step 3: In exams treat absence of bias as a sign of justice.
Correct answer: A. Who should get how much and why
Explanation: Step 1: Distributive justice is related to sharing resources and opportunities. Step 2: It checks whether shares are given on a fair basis. Step 3: In exams connect distributive justice with fairness in sharing.
Correct answer: A. When the help is meant to reduce real difficulty
Explanation: Step 1: Need based support should aim to reduce a real barrier. Step 2: If support gives someone equal opportunity it can be just. Step 3: In exams separate need from bias.
Correct answer: A. Equality is an important basis of justice
Explanation: Step 1: Equality is a major basis of justice. Step 2: But justice is not limited to equal sharing because situation and need also matter. Step 3: In exams treat equality as a basis but not the only meaning.
Correct answer: A. All children getting a chance to take an entrance test
Explanation: Step 1: Equal opportunity means everyone gets a fair chance. Step 2: An equal chance to take an entrance test is an example of fair process. Step 3: In exams connect the word chance with equal opportunity.
Correct answer: A. Because rights provide a basis for dignified life
Explanation: Step 1: Rights give security and dignity to a person. Step 2: A just society protects rights and gives everyone a proper place. Step 3: In exams connect rights with dignity and justice.
Correct answer: A. When different treatment is given without a fair reason
Explanation: Step 1: Different treatment is not always wrong. Step 2: But different treatment without a fair reason can become discrimination. Step 3: In exams identify the reason carefully.
Correct answer: A. Treating every person as worthy of respect
Explanation: Step 1: Dignity means every person is worthy of respect. Step 2: In a just society no one should be humiliated or treated as inferior. Step 3: In exams see dignity as a mark of social justice.
Correct answer: A. It considers the condition of affected people
Explanation: Step 1: A policy affects different groups. Step 2: A just policy considers people's real condition and need. Step 3: In exams do not forget to check the outcome of a policy.
Correct answer: A. Due share and merit
Explanation: Step 1: Aristotle connects justice with due share. Step 2: According to this idea what one should receive may depend on situation and merit. Step 3: In exams remember Aristotle through the idea of due share.
Correct answer: A. Because justice is also related to rights opportunities and distribution
Explanation: Step 1: Punishment can be a small part of justice. Step 2: Justice is also related to rights opportunity dignity and fair distribution of resources. Step 3: In exams write the wider meaning of justice.
Correct answer: A. Those who have long been disadvantaged or weak
Explanation: Step 1: Social justice understands social inequalities. Step 2: It focuses on giving better opportunities to disadvantaged and weaker groups. Step 3: In exams connect social justice with support for weaker sections.
Correct answer: A. People understand the decision process better
Explanation: Step 1: Clear rules tell people how the process will work. Step 2: This reduces arbitrariness and confusion. Step 3: In exams link clear rules with transparency.
Correct answer: A. Giving a job to a relative despite equal merit
Explanation: Step 1: Bias is when a decision is based on personal relation instead of fair reason. Step 2: Choosing a relative despite equal merit harms fairness. Step 3: In exams treat private benefit as a sign of bias.
Correct answer: A. Punishment according to seriousness of the wrong
Explanation: Step 1: Just punishment should be in proportion to the wrong. Step 2: Too much or too little punishment can weaken justice. Step 3: In exam questions on punishment check seriousness and proportion.
Correct answer: A. It enables people to use opportunities
Explanation: Step 1: Education increases a person's ability and understanding. Step 2: It helps a person use opportunities and rights better. Step 3: In exams connect education with equal opportunity.
Correct answer: A. Fair reason and social need
Explanation: Step 1: Resources can be limited so their distribution should be thoughtful. Step 2: Just distribution is based on fair reason and need. Step 3: In exams always mention the basis of resource distribution.
Correct answer: A. It limits arbitrary power
Explanation: Step 1: Rule of law means decisions will be made according to rules. Step 2: This limits arbitrary power and strengthens justice. Step 3: In exams connect rule of law with a fair order.
Correct answer: A. Opportunity according to economic need
Explanation: Step 1: A child from a poor family may face financial barriers to education. Step 2: A scholarship helps the child use the opportunity. Step 3: In exams connect scholarship with need based social justice.
Correct answer: A. Because a person gets a chance to present their side
Explanation: Step 1: Fair hearing gives a person a chance to present their side. Step 2: Deciding without listening can be unjust. Step 3: In exams see hearing as a part of just procedure.
Correct answer: A. Fair process of decision making
Explanation: Step 1: Procedural justice looks at the way a decision is reached. Step 2: If the process is fair and clear the chance of justice increases. Step 3: In exams connect the word procedure with the method of decision making.
Correct answer: A. The real effect of a policy or decision on people
Explanation: Step 1: Outcome based justice checks how a decision affects people's lives. Step 2: Having rules alone is not enough if the results are deeply unfair. Step 3: In exams connect the word effect with outcome.
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