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SubjectsPolitical Science
न्याय
In Class 11 Political Science, this topic from Part 2: Political Theory explores the meaning and importance of justice in public life. Students examine equality, fair treatment, recognition of different needs, and the just distribution of rights, opportunities, and resources. They consider how societies can balance individual freedom with social responsibilities, understand the idea of a just society, and apply these concepts to issues of discrimination, poverty, and unequal access.
Correct answer: A. Social justice
Explanation: Step 1: Social justice is connected with social relations and opportunities. Step 2: It is correct because it focuses on respect, opportunity, and reducing discrimination. Step 3: Understand social justice with reference to disadvantaged groups.
Correct answer: A. Giving the right thing to the right person
Explanation: Step 1: Aristotle linked justice with due share and suitability. Step 2: The correct option fits because justice asks who should get what. Step 3: Connect Aristotle’s idea with proper distribution.
Correct answer: A. Treating all citizens equally before law
Explanation: Step 1: Justice and equality are both important in law. Step 2: The correct option fits because equality before law prevents arbitrary treatment. Step 3: Treat equality as a basic condition of legal justice.
Correct answer: A. Because it harms a person’s dignity and opportunity
Explanation: Step 1: Discrimination disadvantages a person on unfair grounds. Step 2: The correct option fits because it affects both dignity and opportunity. Step 3: Remember discrimination as an opposite example of justice.
Correct answer: A. Because it makes decisions understandable and checkable
Explanation: Step 1: Transparency means the process is clear and understandable. Step 2: The correct option fits because transparent decisions reduce arbitrariness. Step 3: Remember transparency and accountability together in justice.
Correct answer: A. The decision-maker must explain the reason for the decision
Explanation: Step 1: Accountability is linked with responsibility. Step 2: The correct option fits because a just system requires reasons and responsibility for decisions. Step 3: Understand accountability as a check on arbitrariness.
Correct answer: A. For all people
Explanation: Step 1: In a just society, law matters equally for all. Step 2: The correct option fits because law should not become a tool of one group. Step 3: Link universality of law with justice.
Correct answer: A. Social and economic justice
Explanation: Step 1: A scholarship can reduce economic disadvantage. Step 2: The correct option fits because it increases educational opportunity and reduces inequality. Step 3: Link such education examples with equality of opportunity.
Correct answer: A. Respecting others’ rights is also our duty
Explanation: Step 1: Rights and duties are connected. Step 2: The correct option fits because respecting others’ rights strengthens a just society. Step 3: Remember rights and duties in a balanced way.
Correct answer: A. John Rawls
Explanation: Step 1: John Rawls explained justice through a fair position of choice. Step 2: The correct option fits because the veil of ignorance is his famous idea. Step 3: Remember Rawls with justice as fairness.
Correct answer: A. Choosing rules without knowing one’s social position
Explanation: Step 1: The veil of ignorance imagines a person not knowing their caste, wealth, or status. Step 2: The correct option fits because such a person can choose fair rules. Step 3: Remember it as an idea for fair decision-making.
Correct answer: A. Thinking apart from one’s personal position
Explanation: Step 1: Rawls stresses fair thinking. Step 2: The correct option fits because thinking beyond personal benefit can create fairer rules for all. Step 3: In Rawls-based questions, identify fair choice.
Correct answer: A. Everyone gets a real chance to progress
Explanation: Step 1: Opportunity is meaningful when a person can actually use it. Step 2: The correct option fits because justice requires a real chance, not just formal equality. Step 3: In equal opportunity, focus on real conditions.
Correct answer: A. Fairness
Explanation: Step 1: Telling rules in advance gives equal information to all. Step 2: Fairness is correct because no student gets an advantage through hidden information. Step 3: Connect clear rules with just procedure.
Correct answer: A. Distrust and inequality increase
Explanation: Step 1: Bias is opposite to justice. Step 2: The correct option fits because bias makes people feel that decisions are unfair. Step 3: Connect biased examples with injustice.
Correct answer: A. So that mistakes can be corrected
Explanation: Step 1: No system is free from mistakes. Step 2: The correct option fits because hearing complaints helps identify and correct injustice. Step 3: Treat a complaint mechanism as protection for justice.
Correct answer: A. Because all people do not start from the same position
Explanation: Step 1: People have different social conditions. Step 2: The correct option fits because justice may require support along with equal opportunity. Step 3: Understand the difference between same starting point and equal opportunity.
Correct answer: A. Investigating a mistake and giving a fair decision
Explanation: Step 1: Justice needs inquiry and fair decision. Step 2: The correct option fits because decisions without inquiry or with bias are not just. Step 3: In justice questions, look for process and reason.
Correct answer: A. Respecting every person because they are human
Explanation: Step 1: Equal respect is a moral base of justice. Step 2: The correct option fits because respect belongs to a person as a human being, not only due to status or wealth. Step 3: Link equal respect with dignity.
Correct answer: A. To make laws that consider everyone’s interests and rights
Explanation: Step 1: Laws affect social life. Step 2: The correct option fits because just laws consider rights and interests of all. Step 3: Remember public interest and rights in lawmaking.
Correct answer: A. Unjust discrimination
Explanation: Step 1: Job opportunity should be linked with merit and rules. Step 2: The correct option fits because denying opportunity due to religion is discrimination. Step 3: In such examples, identify the unfair basis.
Correct answer: A. Because it helps understand right and wrong social conduct
Explanation: Step 1: Justice is not only a textbook topic. Step 2: The correct option fits because it helps us understand fair conduct, rights, and responsibility in society. Step 3: Study justice through daily life examples.
Correct answer: A. Distribution of public resources according to need and rules
Explanation: Step 1: Distributive justice is linked with distribution of resources. Step 2: The correct option fits because distribution based on need and rules is more just. Step 3: In distributive justice, always check the basis of distribution.
Correct answer: A. Dignity
Explanation: Step 1: Justice does not treat a person merely as a subject of rules. Step 2: Dignity is correct because equality and liberty both strengthen human respect. Step 3: Remember dignity as a core value of justice.
Correct answer: A. By looking at fairness, equal opportunity, and respect together
Explanation: Step 1: Justice is a combined idea of many values. Step 2: The correct option fits because fairness, opportunity, and respect together give a fuller meaning of justice. Step 3: In exams, do not reduce justice to only one word.
