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In Class 11 Political Science, this topic from Part 2: Political Theory explores the meaning and importance of justice in public life. Students examine equality, fair treatment, recognition of different needs, and the just distribution of rights, opportunities, and resources. They consider how societies can balance individual freedom with social responsibilities, understand the idea of a just society, and apply these concepts to issues of discrimination, poverty, and unequal access.
Practice questions
01 From the viewpoint of justice what is the difference between public interest and private benefit?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Public interest considers wider society while private benefit considers a limited person or group
Explanation: Step 1: Public interest is connected with the wider good of society. Step 2: Private benefit may be limited to a few people. Step 3: In exams examine public interest while evaluating policy.
02 In which situation may equal relief not be considered just?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: B. When one family is completely affected and another is only slightly affected
Explanation: Step 1: Relief is linked with need and seriousness of loss. Step 2: A more affected family may need more support. Step 3: In exams understand the difference between equal relief and fair relief.
03 Why is it necessary to examine both benefit and burden in a just policy?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Because a policy can affect different groups differently
Explanation: Step 1: A policy can give benefit to some and burden to others. Step 2: Justice requires checking who is affected and how much. Step 3: In policy analysis mention both benefit and burden.
04 If rules are equal but wealthy people gain more because they can afford better lawyers then what challenge to justice exists?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. The challenge of unequal resources within equal rules
Explanation: Step 1: Equal rules are important. Step 2: But inequality of resources can affect access to justice. Step 3: In exams examine resource conditions along with legal equality.
05 Why is a simple legal process necessary in a just society?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. So that ordinary citizens can use their rights
Explanation: Step 1: A difficult process can keep ordinary citizens away from justice. Step 2: A simple process makes the use of rights possible. Step 3: In exams treat access to justice as an important point.
06 How can citizen participation improve policy in justice?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. People's real needs and problems come forward
Explanation: Step 1: Citizens can directly express problems of their lives. Step 2: This can make policy more useful and just. Step 3: In exams connect participation with responsive governance.
07 Which example connects hearing the voice of weaker sections with social justice?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Taking opinions of people from a distant settlement about water problems
Explanation: Step 1: Problems of people from a distant settlement may be missed in general discussion. Step 2: Taking their opinion helps policy understand real needs. Step 3: In exams connect hearing weaker sections with social justice.
Correct answer: A. Because it can make opportunities unequal without a fair basis
Explanation: Step 1: Privilege often comes through birth wealth or connection. Step 2: It may give extra benefit without merit or need. Step 3: In exams connect privilege with unfair advantage.
09 Why are facilities received by birth important in the discussion of justice?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Because they can make starting opportunities unequal
Explanation: Step 1: Benefits received by birth do not come from a person's effort. Step 2: Such facilities can make the starting point of competition unequal. Step 3: In exams write inequality of starting opportunities.
10 If admission is open to all in a school but some children cannot fill the form due to language difficulty then this is an example of what?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Barrier of access related to information and language
Explanation: Step 1: Open admission shows formal equality. Step 2: Language difficulty can limit real opportunity. Step 3: In exams connect language and information with access issues.
11 Why is the right to appeal considered important in justice?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. It gives a chance to correct wrong or biased decisions
Explanation: Step 1: Any decision can contain an error. Step 2: Appeal gives a person a chance for review and correction. Step 3: In exams connect appeal with just procedure.
12 Why is it necessary to give reasons in a just decision?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Because reasons increase transparency and credibility of the decision
Explanation: Step 1: Giving reasons helps people understand the basis of a decision. Step 2: It reduces arbitrariness and doubt. Step 3: In exams connect reasons with transparency and accountability.
13 What is the role of facts and evidence in a just system?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. They protect decisions from rumour and guesswork
Explanation: Step 1: A just decision should be based on solid facts. Step 2: Evidence makes the decision more fair and trustworthy. Step 3: In exams write evidence as part of proper procedure.
14 How should the relationship between liberty and equality be understood in justice?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: C. Justice balances both and makes opportunities wider
Explanation: Step 1: Liberty gives a person the chance to choose. Step 2: Equality ensures that opportunities are not limited to only a few. Step 3: In exams treat both as complementary not opposite.
15 In which situation can state intervention be proper for social justice?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. When essential services go beyond the reach of the poor
Explanation: Step 1: Essential services are linked with life and opportunity. Step 2: If poor people are excluded the state can promote justice through support. Step 3: In exams connect the role of the state with basic services.
16 If girls cannot go to school in an area due to lack of safe transport then what would be a just measure?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Safe transport or arrangement of a nearby school
Explanation: Step 1: Lack of safe transport is a real barrier to education. Step 2: Providing the facility makes equal opportunity real. Step 3: In exams connect removal of barriers with social justice.
17 Why can public health be considered a basic need in justice?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Because without health a person cannot fully participate in education work and civic life
Explanation: Step 1: Health is a basic condition of life. Step 2: A sick person cannot properly use opportunities. Step 3: In exams connect health with dignity and social justice.
18 If a policy has an attractive name but its effect on weaker sections is negative then what should be examined in just evaluation?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. The real impact of the policy
Explanation: Step 1: The justice of a policy is not decided by its name. Step 2: Real impact shows who receives benefit and burden. Step 3: In exams use impact based analysis.
19 Which example shows lack of transparency weakening justice?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Preparing the beneficiary list secretly without giving the basis
Explanation: Step 1: In a secret decision people cannot understand the basis. Step 2: This increases suspicion of bias and possibility of injustice. Step 3: In exams connect transparency with fairness.
20 What is the most appropriate question while deciding priority in just distribution?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Who has greater real need and what is the basis
Explanation: Step 1: Priority should not be decided arbitrarily. Step 2: Checking need and fair basis makes distribution more just. Step 3: In priority based questions write the basis.
21 If an institution has no system to hear complaints then what weakness of justice appears?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Lack of correction and accountability
Explanation: Step 1: A complaint system gives a way to raise voice against injustice. Step 2: Without it correcting wrong decisions becomes difficult. Step 3: In exams connect complaints with accountability and appeal.
22 When does economic inequality become serious from the viewpoint of justice?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. When it starts blocking education health and opportunities for dignified life
Explanation: Step 1: Every economic difference is not automatically injustice. Step 2: But when poverty blocks opportunities and dignity the question of justice arises. Step 3: In exams always write the effect of inequality.
23 Which step can help make equal opportunity real?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Extra learning and resource support for disadvantaged students
Explanation: Step 1: Equal opportunity is not completed only by announcement. Step 2: Extra support reduces barriers and creates real opportunity. Step 3: In exams connect support with opportunity building.
25 Why is it incomplete to limit justice only to equal sharing?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Because justice also considers need merit rights and procedure
Explanation: Step 1: Equal sharing can be fair in some situations. Step 2: But justice also values need merit rights and procedure in different situations. Step 3: In exams write justice as a multi basis idea.
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