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SubjectsPolitical Science
न्याय
In Class 11 Political Science, this topic from Part 2: Political Theory explores the meaning and importance of justice in public life. Students examine equality, fair treatment, recognition of different needs, and the just distribution of rights, opportunities, and resources. They consider how societies can balance individual freedom with social responsibilities, understand the idea of a just society, and apply these concepts to issues of discrimination, poverty, and unequal access.
Correct answer: A. Public interest considers wider society while private benefit considers a limited person or group
Explanation: Step 1: Public interest is connected with the wider good of society. Step 2: Private benefit may be limited to a few people. Step 3: In exams examine public interest while evaluating policy.
Correct answer: B. When one family is completely affected and another is only slightly affected
Explanation: Step 1: Relief is linked with need and seriousness of loss. Step 2: A more affected family may need more support. Step 3: In exams understand the difference between equal relief and fair relief.
Correct answer: A. Because a policy can affect different groups differently
Explanation: Step 1: A policy can give benefit to some and burden to others. Step 2: Justice requires checking who is affected and how much. Step 3: In policy analysis mention both benefit and burden.
Correct answer: A. The challenge of unequal resources within equal rules
Explanation: Step 1: Equal rules are important. Step 2: But inequality of resources can affect access to justice. Step 3: In exams examine resource conditions along with legal equality.
Correct answer: A. So that ordinary citizens can use their rights
Explanation: Step 1: A difficult process can keep ordinary citizens away from justice. Step 2: A simple process makes the use of rights possible. Step 3: In exams treat access to justice as an important point.
Correct answer: A. People's real needs and problems come forward
Explanation: Step 1: Citizens can directly express problems of their lives. Step 2: This can make policy more useful and just. Step 3: In exams connect participation with responsive governance.
Correct answer: A. Taking opinions of people from a distant settlement about water problems
Explanation: Step 1: Problems of people from a distant settlement may be missed in general discussion. Step 2: Taking their opinion helps policy understand real needs. Step 3: In exams connect hearing weaker sections with social justice.
Correct answer: A. Because it can make opportunities unequal without a fair basis
Explanation: Step 1: Privilege often comes through birth wealth or connection. Step 2: It may give extra benefit without merit or need. Step 3: In exams connect privilege with unfair advantage.
Correct answer: A. Because they can make starting opportunities unequal
Explanation: Step 1: Benefits received by birth do not come from a person's effort. Step 2: Such facilities can make the starting point of competition unequal. Step 3: In exams write inequality of starting opportunities.
Correct answer: A. Barrier of access related to information and language
Explanation: Step 1: Open admission shows formal equality. Step 2: Language difficulty can limit real opportunity. Step 3: In exams connect language and information with access issues.
Correct answer: A. It gives a chance to correct wrong or biased decisions
Explanation: Step 1: Any decision can contain an error. Step 2: Appeal gives a person a chance for review and correction. Step 3: In exams connect appeal with just procedure.
Correct answer: A. Because reasons increase transparency and credibility of the decision
Explanation: Step 1: Giving reasons helps people understand the basis of a decision. Step 2: It reduces arbitrariness and doubt. Step 3: In exams connect reasons with transparency and accountability.
Correct answer: A. They protect decisions from rumour and guesswork
Explanation: Step 1: A just decision should be based on solid facts. Step 2: Evidence makes the decision more fair and trustworthy. Step 3: In exams write evidence as part of proper procedure.
Correct answer: C. Justice balances both and makes opportunities wider
Explanation: Step 1: Liberty gives a person the chance to choose. Step 2: Equality ensures that opportunities are not limited to only a few. Step 3: In exams treat both as complementary not opposite.
Correct answer: A. When essential services go beyond the reach of the poor
Explanation: Step 1: Essential services are linked with life and opportunity. Step 2: If poor people are excluded the state can promote justice through support. Step 3: In exams connect the role of the state with basic services.
Correct answer: A. Safe transport or arrangement of a nearby school
Explanation: Step 1: Lack of safe transport is a real barrier to education. Step 2: Providing the facility makes equal opportunity real. Step 3: In exams connect removal of barriers with social justice.
Correct answer: A. Because without health a person cannot fully participate in education work and civic life
Explanation: Step 1: Health is a basic condition of life. Step 2: A sick person cannot properly use opportunities. Step 3: In exams connect health with dignity and social justice.
Correct answer: A. The real impact of the policy
Explanation: Step 1: The justice of a policy is not decided by its name. Step 2: Real impact shows who receives benefit and burden. Step 3: In exams use impact based analysis.
Correct answer: A. Preparing the beneficiary list secretly without giving the basis
Explanation: Step 1: In a secret decision people cannot understand the basis. Step 2: This increases suspicion of bias and possibility of injustice. Step 3: In exams connect transparency with fairness.
Correct answer: A. Who has greater real need and what is the basis
Explanation: Step 1: Priority should not be decided arbitrarily. Step 2: Checking need and fair basis makes distribution more just. Step 3: In priority based questions write the basis.
Correct answer: A. Lack of correction and accountability
Explanation: Step 1: A complaint system gives a way to raise voice against injustice. Step 2: Without it correcting wrong decisions becomes difficult. Step 3: In exams connect complaints with accountability and appeal.
Correct answer: A. When it starts blocking education health and opportunities for dignified life
Explanation: Step 1: Every economic difference is not automatically injustice. Step 2: But when poverty blocks opportunities and dignity the question of justice arises. Step 3: In exams always write the effect of inequality.
Correct answer: A. Extra learning and resource support for disadvantaged students
Explanation: Step 1: Equal opportunity is not completed only by announcement. Step 2: Extra support reduces barriers and creates real opportunity. Step 3: In exams connect support with opportunity building.
Correct answer: A. Rules keep the process equal and preparation facilities create real opportunity
Explanation: Step 1: Equal rules make competition formally fair. Step 2: Equal preparation facilities strengthen real competition. Step 3: In exams mention both rules and opportunity.
Correct answer: A. Because justice also considers need merit rights and procedure
Explanation: Step 1: Equal sharing can be fair in some situations. Step 2: But justice also values need merit rights and procedure in different situations. Step 3: In exams write justice as a multi basis idea.
