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SubjectsPolitical Science
न्याय
In Class 11 Political Science, this topic from Part 2: Political Theory explores the meaning and importance of justice in public life. Students examine equality, fair treatment, recognition of different needs, and the just distribution of rights, opportunities, and resources. They consider how societies can balance individual freedom with social responsibilities, understand the idea of a just society, and apply these concepts to issues of discrimination, poverty, and unequal access.
Correct answer: A. Understanding equality need merit rights and process together
Explanation: Step 1: Justice is formed through a balance of many values. Step 2: Equality need merit rights and process matter differently in different situations. Step 3: In exams write a balanced answer with an example.
Correct answer: C. Because equal treatment in similar situations and different support for different needs can both be necessary
Explanation: Step 1: Justice requires equal treatment in similar situations. Step 2: But ignoring different needs can also create injustice. Step 3: In exams always mention the balance between equality and need.
Correct answer: B. Lack of real opportunity
Explanation: Step 1: A right may be equal on paper. Step 2: But without access some people cannot use that right. Step 3: In exams examine both right and access.
Correct answer: C. So that the person can choose fair and secure rules
Explanation: Step 1: The veil of ignorance assumes that a person does not know their caste wealth or position. Step 2: This pushes the person toward rules that are safe for all. Step 3: Remember it as an imagination of fairness.
Correct answer: B. Because fair rules should give protection even in a weak position
Explanation: Step 1: Rawls speaks about fair rules. Step 2: Rules are more just when they protect a person even in a weak position. Step 3: In exams connect Rawls with protection of the least advantaged.
Correct answer: C. Everyone gets the right to admission but poor students cannot pay the fee
Explanation: Step 1: In formal equality rules are the same for everyone. Step 2: A barrier like fees can keep poor students away from opportunity. Step 3: In exams identify the difference between formal equality and real opportunity.
Correct answer: B. When the most affected people must be identified while distributing disaster relief
Explanation: Step 1: Merit can be important in competition. Step 2: But in relief distribution need and seriousness of suffering matter more. Step 3: In exams choose the basis of justice according to the situation.
Correct answer: A. The decision making process is clear fair and based on hearing
Explanation: Step 1: Procedural fairness is related to the method of reaching a decision. Step 2: Clear rules and hearing strengthen a just process. Step 3: In exams connect procedure with rules and hearing.
Correct answer: A. Lack of procedural justice
Explanation: Step 1: Justice does not depend only on outcome. Step 2: Hearing both sides in the process is necessary. Step 3: In exams check the process even when the outcome looks good.
Correct answer: A. Because charity does not give a guaranteed claim like a right
Explanation: Step 1: Charity may depend on someone's willingness. Step 2: Rights give a person a rightful claim and protection. Step 3: In exams understand social justice as rights based.
Correct answer: A. Because dignity also needs security rights and opportunities
Explanation: Step 1: Respectful words are important but not enough. Step 2: Dignity also needs secure life conditions and opportunities. Step 3: In exams connect dignity with rights and opportunities.
Correct answer: A. Inequality of information
Explanation: Step 1: Information is necessary to benefit from a scheme. Step 2: Without information poor or remote groups may remain excluded. Step 3: In exams connect information with access and transparency.
Correct answer: A. Because rules can be bent for private benefit
Explanation: Step 1: Power should be bound by rules and public interest. Step 2: Using power for private benefit creates bias and injustice. Step 3: In exams connect power with accountability.
Correct answer: A. Raising resources for public facilities and social support
Explanation: Step 1: Through taxation the state raises resources for public work. Step 2: Education health and support schemes can expand opportunities. Step 3: In exams connect taxation with public interest and social justice.
Correct answer: A. Purchasing power can affect access to opportunities
Explanation: Step 1: In the market the ability to get facilities can be affected by wealth. Step 2: Poor people may remain away from services like education or health. Step 3: In exams write the relation between market and justice in a balanced way.
Correct answer: A. By providing basic services and support for weaker sections
Explanation: Step 1: A welfare state pays attention to citizens' basic needs. Step 2: Public education health and relief schemes increase real opportunity. Step 3: In exams connect the welfare state with social justice.
Correct answer: B. Treating the most seriously ill patient first
Explanation: Step 1: In a hospital the needs of all patients are not the same. Step 2: Treating a serious patient first is based on seriousness of need. Step 3: In exams connect health examples with need based justice.
Correct answer: C. Selecting the winner of a painting competition
Explanation: Step 1: In competition performance and merit matter. Step 2: In a painting competition the winner should be chosen on artistic skill. Step 3: In exams identify merit in competition examples.
Correct answer: A. Because equal responsibility deserves equal treatment
Explanation: Step 1: When work and responsibility are similar wage difference can be unfair. Step 2: Equal pay strengthens fairness and equal treatment. Step 3: In exams write equal work and equal pay together.
Correct answer: A. When the difference is based on responsibility skill and workload
Explanation: Step 1: Justice does not call every difference wrong. Step 2: Difference based on responsibility skill and workload can be fair. Step 3: In exams distinguish fair basis from bias.
Correct answer: A. Special support reduces a barrier while favoritism gives benefit without fair reason
Explanation: Step 1: Special support can aim to reduce unequal barriers. Step 2: Favoritism is linked with private benefit or benefit without reason. Step 3: In exams distinguish them by purpose.
Correct answer: A. Whether the policy reduces historical disadvantage and lack of opportunity
Explanation: Step 1: A policy like reservation should be understood through its purpose. Step 2: If the purpose is to reduce historical disadvantage and expand opportunity it connects with social justice. Step 3: In exams always write the context of the policy.
Correct answer: A. Hearing clarifies facts and proportion keeps punishment balanced
Explanation: Step 1: Hearing gives a person a chance to present their side. Step 2: Proportionate punishment matches the seriousness of the wrong. Step 3: In punishment questions check both process and balance.
Correct answer: B. Lack of proportionality
Explanation: Step 1: Punishment should be balanced according to the mistake. Step 2: Very harsh punishment for a small mistake breaks just balance. Step 3: In exams check the proportion between wrong and punishment.
Correct answer: A. It limits arbitrariness of power
Explanation: Step 1: Rule of law says decisions will be made according to rules. Step 2: This reduces arbitrariness by any person or institution. Step 3: In exams connect rule of law with fair order.
