Muft Shiksha™ एक 100% Free Education Portal है 🇮🇳, जिसका उद्देश्य Class 9–12 के हर विद्यार्थी तक High-Quality Education को पूरी तरह मुफ्त पहुँचाना है। 🇮🇳 हम मानते हैं कि अच्छी शिक्षा किसी student की आर्थिक स्थिति पर निर्भर नहीं होनी चाहिए। 🇮🇳 हर विद्यार्थी को वही Quality Study Material, MCQs, Quizzes, Exam Preparation, Concept-Based Learning और Bilingual Support मिलना चाहिए, जो आमतौर पर महंगी Coaching या Premium Platforms में मिलता है। Muft Shiksha™ 🇮🇳 इसी सोच के साथ बनाया गया है
SubjectsPolitical Science
न्याय
In Class 11 Political Science, this topic from Part 2: Political Theory explores the meaning and importance of justice in public life. Students examine equality, fair treatment, recognition of different needs, and the just distribution of rights, opportunities, and resources. They consider how societies can balance individual freedom with social responsibilities, understand the idea of a just society, and apply these concepts to issues of discrimination, poverty, and unequal access.
Correct answer: A. Understanding equality need merit and rights together
Explanation: Step 1: Justice is a balance of many values. Step 2: Equality need merit and rights matter in different situations. Step 3: In exams mention more than one basis in a balanced way.
Correct answer: A. Formal equality is equality of rules while real equality checks ability to use opportunities
Explanation: Step 1: Formal equality means rules appear the same for all. Step 2: Real equality checks whether people can actually use those rules. Step 3: In exams write the difference between equality on paper and equality in life.
Correct answer: B. When some people lack facilities to use the rule
Explanation: Step 1: Equal rules are necessary for justice. Step 2: But if some people lack resources they cannot benefit from the rule. Step 3: In exams check access along with equal rules.
Correct answer: C. People choose safe rules for all without knowing their future position
Explanation: Step 1: Behind the veil of ignorance a person does not know their position in advance. Step 2: So the person chooses rules that give protection even in a weak position. Step 3: Remember it as an idea for choosing fair rules.
Correct answer: D. Because fair rules protect dignified life even in a weak position
Explanation: Step 1: Rawls emphasizes fair rules. Step 2: If rules protect even the least advantaged person society can be considered more just. Step 3: In exams connect Rawls with protection of weaker sections.
Correct answer: C. When relief or basic facility must reach the most affected people
Explanation: Step 1: In distributive justice the basis of distribution can change with the situation. Step 2: In relief and basic facilities need can be most important. Step 3: In exams identify need based justice in relief examples.
Correct answer: A. Merit is important but its assessment can be incomplete without equal opportunity
Explanation: Step 1: Merit values effort and ability. Step 2: But comparison may be incomplete if some people lacked preparation resources. Step 3: In exams mention equality of opportunity along with merit.
Correct answer: A. Because it helps understand hidden inequalities in present opportunities
Explanation: Step 1: Many inequalities are formed through long term social conditions. Step 2: Understanding historical disadvantage helps explain lack of present opportunities. Step 3: In exams connect social justice with history and present opportunity.
Correct answer: B. Hearing both sides and deciding according to rules
Explanation: Step 1: Procedural justice is linked with the method of decision making. Step 2: Hearing both sides and deciding by rules is a fair process. Step 3: In exams connect procedure with hearing and rules.
Correct answer: A. What real effect the decision had on which people
Explanation: Step 1: Outcome based justice looks at the final effect. Step 2: If a decision places unfair burden on some groups questions of justice arise. Step 3: In exams analyse the effect of a policy.
Correct answer: A. The effect and reason of the policy should be reviewed
Explanation: Step 1: The effect of an equal policy may not be equal for all. Step 2: Justice requires checking how much effect falls on which group. Step 3: In exams write the impact along with the rule.
Correct answer: B. Because people can understand why a decision was made
Explanation: Step 1: Transparency makes process and reasons clear. Step 2: It helps people understand the fairness of a decision. Step 3: In exams connect transparency with trust and accountability.
Correct answer: A. Accountability requires authority to give reasons
Explanation: Step 1: Accountability means an institution or officer must explain the reason for a decision. Step 2: This reduces arbitrariness and strengthens justice. Step 3: In exams connect accountability with fair governance.
Correct answer: B. So that punishment remains according to seriousness of the wrong
Explanation: Step 1: Just punishment should not be too low or too high compared with the wrong. Step 2: Proportionality keeps balance between punishment and mistake. Step 3: In punishment questions check seriousness and balance.
Correct answer: B. Equal treatment in similar circumstances
Explanation: Step 1: Equal pay is considered fair for similar work and responsibility. Step 2: It reduces wage discrimination without fair reason. Step 3: In exams connect equal work with equal treatment.
Correct answer: B. Responsibility and skill of work
Explanation: Step 1: Justice does not call every difference wrong. Step 2: If responsibility and skill differ a pay difference can have a fair basis. Step 3: In exams distinguish fair reason from bias.
Correct answer: B. Providing assistance to a visually impaired student in an exam
Explanation: Step 1: Special support is just when it reduces a real barrier. Step 2: Assistance to a visually impaired student helps create equal opportunity. Step 3: In exams identify special support by its purpose.
Correct answer: A. Bias gives benefit without fair reason while special support reduces a real barrier
Explanation: Step 1: Bias is based on personal reason or arbitrariness. Step 2: Special support can aim to reduce real inequality. Step 3: In exams distinguish them by checking the purpose.
Correct answer: A. When essential services depend only on purchasing power and exclude the poor
Explanation: Step 1: Services like education health and food are linked with life. Step 2: If the market excludes the poor the state can promote justice through support. Step 3: In exams connect the role of the state with social justice.
Correct answer: A. It expands opportunities through public facilities and support for weaker sections
Explanation: Step 1: A welfare state focuses on basic needs. Step 2: Education health and support schemes make opportunities more real. Step 3: In exams connect the welfare state with social justice.
Correct answer: C. Because liberty is meaningful when opportunities are not limited to a few people
Explanation: Step 1: Liberty gives a person a chance to choose. Step 2: Equality ensures that this chance reaches more people in society. Step 3: In exams treat both values as complementary not opposite.
Correct answer: B. Because without rights dignified life can become weak
Explanation: Step 1: Dignity means a person should get conditions to live with respect. Step 2: Rights form the basis of security opportunity and respect. Step 3: In exams connect dignity with life conditions not only words.
Correct answer: B. Ordinary citizens can understand their rights and remedies
Explanation: Step 1: Law is useful when people can understand it. Step 2: Simple procedure and information help citizens use their rights. Step 3: In exams treat access to law as a part of justice.
Correct answer: B. Giving everyone the right to apply but having no application centre in many villages
Explanation: Step 1: The right to apply may be equal on paper. Step 2: Without centres village students may not be able to use that right. Step 3: In exams treat lack of access as lack of real opportunity.
Correct answer: B. It can be an attempt to reduce historical disadvantage and lack of opportunity
Explanation: Step 1: Social justice understands the barriers of disadvantaged groups. Step 2: Reservation can aim to reduce lack of opportunity. Step 3: In exams mention the purpose and context of the policy.
