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SubjectsPolitical Science
न्याय
In Class 11 Political Science, this topic from Part 2: Political Theory explores the meaning and importance of justice in public life. Students examine equality, fair treatment, recognition of different needs, and the just distribution of rights, opportunities, and resources. They consider how societies can balance individual freedom with social responsibilities, understand the idea of a just society, and apply these concepts to issues of discrimination, poverty, and unequal access.
Correct answer: A. Real access to the right becomes dependent on economic status
Explanation: Step 1: A right matters only when people can use it. Step 2: An expensive process may keep the poor away from that right. Step 3: Always check real access in rights-based questions.
Correct answer: A. When information reaches only a few people
Explanation: Step 1: Information is necessary for opportunity. Step 2: If information reaches only a few, others are excluded from opportunity. Step 3: In equal opportunity, check information, access, and resources.
Correct answer: A. When human circumstances must also be considered while applying rules
Explanation: Step 1: Impartiality protects rules from bias. Step 2: Compassion helps understand human hardship. Step 3: In justice, balance rules with human circumstances.
Correct answer: A. Making real learning opportunity more equal
Explanation: Step 1: Language difficulty can become a barrier to opportunity. Step 2: Extra support brings children closer to equal learning. Step 3: Connect support with real opportunity.
Correct answer: A. Giving special benefit to someone without reason
Explanation: Step 1: Corrective justice repairs a wrong or harm. Step 2: Giving a special benefit without reason may be arbitrariness, not correction. Step 3: In corrective justice, look for harm and remedy.
Correct answer: A. Real access to justice becomes weak
Explanation: Step 1: The right to court matters only when a person can reach it. Step 2: Expensive and slow procedures can become barriers for the poor. Step 3: Connect access to justice with social justice.
Correct answer: A. Justice includes law, distribution, opportunity, rights, and dignity
Explanation: Step 1: Justice cannot be limited to one narrow meaning. Step 2: It demands fairness in many parts of society. Step 3: In broad-meaning questions, mention multiple dimensions.
Correct answer: A. When citizens can present their opinions and complaints on policy
Explanation: Step 1: Justice is linked not only with results but also with participation. Step 2: Hearing citizens' views and complaints makes decisions more accountable. Step 3: Connect participation with hearing and accountability.
Correct answer: A. Right to fair complaint and hearing
Explanation: Step 1: Complaint is a way to bring injustice forward. Step 2: Punishing the complainant creates fear and blocks hearing. Step 3: Treat complaint mechanisms as protection for justice.
Correct answer: A. Providing safe shelter and dignified treatment to homeless people
Explanation: Step 1: Shelter is a matter of need. Step 2: Dignified treatment is linked with rights and dignity. Step 3: In justice, several bases can operate together.
Correct answer: A. When some students receive the question paper earlier
Explanation: Step 1: Fairness in an exam depends on equal information and equal rules. Step 2: Receiving the paper earlier gives unfair advantage to some students. Step 3: In competition, check equality of information and rules.
Correct answer: A. Because respecting others' rights is also part of justice
Explanation: Step 1: Rights protect individuals. Step 2: Obligations ensure that we do not harm others' rights. Step 3: Read rights and obligations together.
Correct answer: A. Beneficiary identification and implementation process
Explanation: Step 1: The aim of a policy and actual beneficiaries can differ. Step 2: Errors in identification and implementation may exclude the needy. Step 3: In policy analysis, check process and beneficiaries.
Correct answer: A. When it improves the condition of the weakest with clear reason
Explanation: Step 1: Every inequality is not just. Step 2: If an inequality improves the condition of the weakest and has clear reason, it may be limitedly justified. Step 3: Check the effect of inequality.
Correct answer: A. When help depends on the giver's will instead of rights
Explanation: Step 1: Charity may depend on the giver's will. Step 2: In justice, a person's claim is linked with rights and fair arrangements. Step 3: Remember the difference between charity and justice.
Correct answer: A. When people doing the same work are paid differently without valid reason
Explanation: Step 1: Equal pay for equal work is an important idea of justice. Step 2: Different pay without valid reason may be discrimination. Step 3: In pay questions, check work, responsibility, and reason.
Correct answer: A. Criticism gives reasons for improvement while humiliation hurts dignity
Explanation: Step 1: Justice can allow disagreement and criticism. Step 2: But humiliation hurts a person's dignity. Step 3: Identify the difference between dignity and reasoned criticism.
Correct answer: A. The issue of economic compulsion and real educational opportunity
Explanation: Step 1: The right to education is not fulfilled only by admission. Step 2: Economic compulsion may keep a child away from school. Step 3: In social justice, read poverty and opportunity together.
Correct answer: A. Changing rules after results to change the winner
Explanation: Step 1: In justice, rules should be clear in advance. Step 2: Changing rules after results harms fairness. Step 3: In competition, check timing and transparency.
Correct answer: A. Equal and real access to healthcare
Explanation: Step 1: Health is linked with a dignified life. Step 2: Lack of treatment due to poverty becomes a social justice issue. Step 3: In health questions, check need and access.
Correct answer: A. Whatever the powerful say is justice
Explanation: Step 1: Justice is not about justifying arbitrary power. Step 2: Justice demands fair standards for everyone. Step 3: In such questions, identify power-biased statements as wrong.
Correct answer: A. Proper arrangement should be made according to special need
Explanation: Step 1: Equality does not always mean giving exactly the same thing. Step 2: Medical need can make different arrangement just. Step 3: Do not treat need-based difference as favouritism.
Correct answer: A. Because it gives a chance to bring hidden injustice forward
Explanation: Step 1: Problems of weaker groups may often be suppressed. Step 2: A complaint forum gives them a safe chance to speak. Step 3: Connect complaint systems with hearing and accountability.
Correct answer: A. Examining relevant facts, needs, rights, and consequences together
Explanation: Step 1: Difficult justice questions are not solved by one basis alone. Step 2: Facts, needs, rights, and consequences together give balanced understanding. Step 3: Show context-based thinking in your answer.
Correct answer: A. Because examples show which basis of justice applies in which situation
Explanation: Step 1: Justice has several bases such as equality, need, merit, rights, and procedure. Step 2: Examples explain the correct use of these bases. Step 3: In exam preparation, connect definitions with examples.
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