Justice

Step 1: Long exclusion can affect present life too. Step 2: A just policy will try to improve both dignity and access. Step 3: Link historical injustice with present opportunity.

Step 1: Justice has a broad meaning. Step 2: Limiting it only to court cases is a narrow understanding. Step 3: In the broad meaning, include law, distribution, rights, and dignity.

Step 1: Scarce resources can create disputes. Step 2: Clear and fair criteria make distribution trustworthy. Step 3: In distribution questions, treat criteria as a key word.

Step 1: A just decision should hear the affected sides. Step 2: A decision without hearing can become one-sided. Step 3: Understand hearing as part of fair procedure.

Step 1: Social justice looks at dignity along with living conditions. Step 2: Humiliation and discrimination weaken dignity. Step 3: In social justice, mention both resources and respect.

Step 1: The basis of a just policy can be explained. Step 2: An arbitrary policy depends on personal will or reasonless decision. Step 3: Treat reasons and rules as signs of justice.

Step 1: Fair rules are necessary but may not be sufficient. Step 2: Starting barriers can make competition unequal. Step 3: In equality of opportunity, focus on initial conditions.

Step 1: Social justice is not aimed only at privileged groups. Step 2: It is concerned with the opportunity and dignity of disadvantaged people. Step 3: Wrong options are often strongly biased.

Step 1: Transparency makes decisions open. Step 2: It lets people see whether selection happened on fair grounds. Step 3: Connect transparency in selection with trust.

Step 1: Inborn talent is not the result of one's own choice. Step 2: Rawls therefore does not want life chances to depend only on luck. Step 3: In Rawls, understand the relation between luck and justice.

Step 1: A poor person may not present their case properly without legal help. Step 2: Legal aid makes hearing more real and fair. Step 3: Connect legal aid with fair procedure.

Step 1: Accountability makes decision-makers answerable. Step 2: Without it, misuse of power becomes easier. Step 3: Understand accountability as control over power.

Step 1: Equal opportunity sometimes needs different support. Step 2: A ramp gives a student with disability real access to school. Step 3: Connect accommodation with access, not favouritism.

Step 1: Using highest marks as the basis focuses on achievement. Step 2: This is an example of merit-based distribution. Step 3: In such questions, also ask whether opportunities were equal.

Step 1: The condition of eligibility shows merit. Step 2: Giving priority to the poorest shows need. Step 3: In justice, several bases can work together.

Step 1: Justice cannot run on guesses. Step 2: Evidence gives a solid and fair basis to decisions. Step 3: In punishment and hearing questions, mention evidence.

Step 1: Real equality comes by reducing barriers. Step 2: Transport and preparation support improve access for rural students. Step 3: In equality of opportunity, check information, resources, and access.

Step 1: Both the aim and actual result of a policy must be examined. Step 2: If powerful people receive the benefit, the justice goal becomes weak. Step 3: In policy analysis, identify the real beneficiaries.

Step 1: Rights protect dignity and freedom. Step 2: But the use of rights should not hurt the rights of others. Step 3: Read rights together with responsibility.

Step 1: Equal punishment is fair only when situations are truly similar. Step 2: If seriousness or context differs, equal punishment may be disproportionate. Step 3: In punishment, check equality along with proportion.

Step 1: Advantage based on birth is an arbitrary inequality. Step 2: It weakens both merit and equal opportunity. Step 3: Recognise birth privilege as a sign against justice.

Step 1: Justice is understood through several bases. Step 2: Examples show which basis is more suitable in which situation. Step 3: In exams, example-based reasoning is more effective.

Step 1: Tax is a resource collected from the public. Step 2: Using it for education, health, and basic services shows justice linked with public welfare. Step 3: In tax and justice, check both ability to pay and use.

Step 1: Power is not equally distributed in society. Step 2: If the weaker person's voice is not heard, injustice may remain hidden. Step 3: In justice, connect hearing with dignity and rights.

Step 1: Justice is not always decided by one single basis. Step 2: Different bases may matter in different situations. Step 3: In difficult questions, give a balanced and context-based answer.