Justice

Step 1: Just discretion is based on valid reasons and public standards. Step 2: Treating a serious patient first is linked to need and condition. Step 3: Arbitrariness is personal preference; justice requires reason.

Step 1: Transparency means that decisions and reasons are clear. Step 2: When reasons are visible, bias or error can be examined. Step 3: Link openness with accountability in justice.

Step 1: Competition is fairer when opportunities are real. Step 2: Supporting students with fewer resources reduces opportunity gaps. Step 3: Connect preparation support with equal opportunity.

Step 1: Justice is not limited to distributing things. Step 2: It also recognises the human worth of every person. Step 3: When you see dignity, think of respect and human value.

Step 1: Just punishment requires evidence and hearing. Step 2: The punishment must be proportionate to the seriousness of the offence. Step 3: In punishment questions, check both procedure and proportion.

Step 1: Public posts involve responsibility toward society. Step 2: Selection therefore needs merit, equal opportunity, and fair procedure. Step 3: Treat favouritism in public selection as injustice.

Step 1: Need and merit are both important bases of justice. Step 2: Need supports the vulnerable, while merit recognises contribution. Step 3: In hard answers, use the idea of balance.

Step 1: Past deprivation can have long-lasting effects. Step 2: Lack of education creates unequal opportunities in present competition. Step 3: Link historical disadvantage with social justice.

Step 1: Justice does not mean only courts or punishment. Step 2: It includes law, distribution, opportunity, and dignity. Step 3: In broad-meaning questions, look for multiple dimensions.

Step 1: A just law should be clear and public. Step 2: It should be reasonable and capable of equal application. Step 3: Secret or arbitrary law moves away from justice.

Step 1: Scarce resources can create conflict. Step 2: Justice requires clear and fair criteria first. Step 3: In resource questions, remember the importance of criteria.

Step 1: Rawls says rules should be chosen without knowledge of one's own position. Step 2: This leads people to choose safe and fair rules for all. Step 3: Understand the veil of ignorance as distance from self-interest.

Step 1: Success is not only the result of individual talent. Step 2: Family wealth and resources also shape opportunities. Step 3: Do not separate merit from social background.

Step 1: Charity may arise from voluntary kindness. Step 2: Justice is linked with fair institutions and rights. Step 3: In exams, distinguish charity from justice.

Step 1: Having rights on paper is not enough. Step 2: Justice becomes meaningful when people can actually access benefits. Step 3: Link access and effective opportunity with social justice.

Step 1: A fair hearing listens to both sides. Step 2: Punishing someone without allowing them to present their side is unjust. Step 3: Connect hearing with fair procedure.

Step 1: Rawls treats natural talents as not fully under a person's control. Step 2: A just society should not leave life chances only to luck. Step 3: Link natural chance with social protection.

Step 1: Accountability means being answerable for decisions. Step 2: It can reduce misuse of power and bias. Step 3: Link accountability with transparency in justice.

Step 1: Formal equality may have the same rule for everyone. Step 2: Real barriers may still keep poor children away from opportunity. Step 3: Real justice also checks access and resources.

Step 1: Rawls's difference principle accepts inequalities only when they benefit the least advantaged. Step 2: A policy that improves their position fits this idea. Step 3: In Rawls, focus on the least advantaged.

Step 1: People in society have different experiences and views. Step 2: A just system allows them to express views peacefully. Step 3: Link disagreement with rights and hearing.

Step 1: Taxation gathers resources for society. Step 2: A just tax system considers ability to pay and public welfare. Step 3: In tax questions, read capacity and welfare together.

Step 1: Structural inequality is not limited to one incident. Step 2: It may exist for long in education, jobs, recognition, and institutions. Step 3: When you see structural, think of deep social arrangements.

Step 1: Favouritism is based on personal ties or arbitrariness. Step 2: Special assistance can be just if based on clear rules and real disadvantage. Step 3: Always check criteria and reasons.

Step 1: Justice is a multi-dimensional idea. Step 2: Equality, need, merit, rights, and procedure can all matter. Step 3: In hard questions, use balanced analysis instead of relying on one basis.