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SubjectsPolitical Science
न्याय
In Class 11 Political Science, this topic from Part 2: Political Theory explores the meaning and importance of justice in public life. Students examine equality, fair treatment, recognition of different needs, and the just distribution of rights, opportunities, and resources. They consider how societies can balance individual freedom with social responsibilities, understand the idea of a just society, and apply these concepts to issues of discrimination, poverty, and unequal access.
Correct answer: A. When the same fee prevents poor students from admission
Explanation: Step 1: The same fee may look fair on the surface. Step 2: But for a poor student, the same fee may be a major barrier. Step 3: Distinguish formal equality from real effect.
Correct answer: A. Because real opportunity is shaped by present access and resources
Explanation: Step 1: Recognising historical disadvantage is necessary. Step 2: But justice progresses when present barriers are also reduced. Step 3: Read historical and present dimensions together.
Correct answer: A. Because the same amount does not create the same burden for everyone
Explanation: Step 1: The same amount affects the poor and the rich differently. Step 2: Considering ability to pay helps share burden more fairly. Step 3: In tax questions, remember capacity and public welfare.
Correct answer: A. Real arrangement for participation and hearing
Explanation: Step 1: Justice is not only a question of distributing benefits. Step 2: Participation of affected people makes decisions more fair. Step 3: Connect hearing and participation with social justice.
Correct answer: A. Violation of equal application of law
Explanation: Step 1: Similar cases require similar legal treatment. Step 2: Exemption due to connections is bias. Step 3: Treat equality before law as a core element of justice.
Correct answer: A. Knowledge and awareness of rights
Explanation: Step 1: Use of rights also depends on knowledge. Step 2: Without information, a person cannot claim what is due. Step 3: Remember awareness along with rights.
Correct answer: A. Because it may be hidden in everyday arrangements
Explanation: Step 1: Structural inequality is not limited to one incident. Step 2: It appears slowly through education, work, respect, and institutions. Step 3: In such questions, look at deeper social arrangements.
Correct answer: A. When real human hardship must be understood while applying rules
Explanation: Step 1: Impartiality protects decisions from personal bias. Step 2: Compassion helps understand real hardship. Step 3: In justice, balance rules with human circumstances.
Correct answer: A. Geographical inequality and real access
Explanation: Step 1: A public service should be meaningful for all citizens. Step 2: Distance and poor arrangements may exclude rural people. Step 3: Connect access with location and resources.
Correct answer: A. Absence of evidence-based fair decision
Explanation: Step 1: Justice cannot rest on guess or rumour. Step 2: Evidence makes a decision solid and examinable. Step 3: In punishment and accusation questions, always check evidence.
Correct answer: A. Because real access after admission is also necessary
Explanation: Step 1: Admission is only the first part of opportunity. Step 2: Without facilities, a student may not actually use education. Step 3: In equal opportunity, check both entry and access.
Correct answer: A. When extra benefit is meant to improve the position of the most disadvantaged
Explanation: Step 1: All inequalities are not just. Step 2: Some inequalities may be justified only when they lift the disadvantaged. Step 3: In Rawls-related questions, look at the most disadvantaged group.
Correct answer: A. Prior clarity and fair competition
Explanation: Step 1: In justice, rules should be known and stable in advance. Step 2: Changing rules after results breaks trust and fairness. Step 3: In competition questions, check timing and clarity of rules.
Correct answer: A. Dimension of respect and participation
Explanation: Step 1: Humiliation weakens the dignity of persons and groups. Step 2: It can also reduce public participation. Step 3: In social justice, understand respect and participation together.
Correct answer: A. Because their experience makes the decision more balanced
Explanation: Step 1: Affected people can explain the real side of their situation. Step 2: Without hearing them, a decision may be incomplete and one-sided. Step 3: Connect hearing with fair procedure.
Correct answer: A. Equal pay for equal work
Explanation: Step 1: Similar work and similar responsibility require a valid reason for pay difference. Step 2: Difference without reason may become discrimination. Step 3: In pay questions, check work, responsibility, and reason.
Correct answer: A. When someone's liberty harms others' rights
Explanation: Step 1: Liberty is important but not unlimited. Step 2: If it hurts others' rights, justice demands limits. Step 3: Read liberty together with rights and responsibility.
Correct answer: A. Whether the policy truly uplifts the least advantaged
Explanation: Step 1: Rawlsian thinking gives special attention to those in weaker positions. Step 2: Equal benefit may be insufficient if the neediest do not improve. Step 3: In Rawls, treat the least advantaged as the key clue.
Correct answer: A. Unfair use of public resources
Explanation: Step 1: Public money is a resource connected with society. Step 2: Using it for private luxury can harm public welfare. Step 3: In public resource questions, check accountability and use.
Correct answer: A. Freedom of expression and hearing
Explanation: Step 1: Disagreement brings different experiences into public life. Step 2: Punishing it weakens hearing and rights. Step 3: In justice, connect peaceful disagreement with rights.
Correct answer: A. In fairness of implementation
Explanation: Step 1: Correct eligibility rules are necessary. Step 2: But biased implementation can break actual justice. Step 3: In policy, examine both rules and implementation.
Correct answer: A. When contribution and responsibility are completely ignored
Explanation: Step 1: Need is an important basis of justice. Step 2: But using only need in every situation may ignore contribution and responsibility. Step 3: At expert level, identify the limits of every basis.
Correct answer: A. Because it is based on personal connection, not real need
Explanation: Step 1: Special support should be based on real need or disadvantage. Step 2: Giving benefit due to personal connection is favouritism. Step 3: Distinguish support from bias by checking its basis.
Correct answer: A. Examining equality, need, merit, rights, and procedure together according to context
Explanation: Step 1: Justice is a multi-dimensional idea. Step 2: Different bases may matter more in different situations. Step 3: In expert answers, give balanced and context-based reasoning.
Correct answer: A. When law is followed but dignity and opportunities of the disadvantaged are declining
Explanation: Step 1: Following law is an important part of justice. Step 2: But if outcomes reduce dignity and opportunity for the disadvantaged, deeper examination is needed. Step 3: Connect justice with both procedure and outcome.
