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SubjectsPolitical Science
न्याय
In Class 11 Political Science, this topic from Part 2: Political Theory explores the meaning and importance of justice in public life. Students examine equality, fair treatment, recognition of different needs, and the just distribution of rights, opportunities, and resources. They consider how societies can balance individual freedom with social responsibilities, understand the idea of a just society, and apply these concepts to issues of discrimination, poverty, and unequal access.
Correct answer: A. It gives a way to correct wrong decisions
Explanation: Step 1: Mistakes can happen in any system. Step 2: The right to complain gives a person a chance to speak against injustice. Step 3: In exams connect complaint with accountability.
Correct answer: A. Those with authority must give reasons for their decisions
Explanation: Step 1: Accountability means an authority or institution must explain its actions. Step 2: This reduces arbitrariness and increases fairness. Step 3: In exams link accountability with transparency.
Correct answer: A. When people's effort and responsibility are very different
Explanation: Step 1: Justice may consider effort responsibility and need while deciding outcomes. Step 2: When contribution is very different identical outcome may not always be fair. Step 3: In exams understand the difference between same outcome and just outcome.
Correct answer: A. Merit based justice
Explanation: Step 1: Merit based thinking values a person's ability and effort. Step 2: It can bring fairness in opportunities. Step 3: In exams connect merit with effort and ability.
Correct answer: A. Everyone may not have received equal facilities from the beginning
Explanation: Step 1: Merit is important but everyone's starting point is not equal. Step 2: A poor or disadvantaged student may have fewer facilities for preparation. Step 3: In exams mention equal opportunity along with merit.
Correct answer: A. When it starts blocking opportunities and dignified life
Explanation: Step 1: Economic difference is not automatically injustice every time. Step 2: But when it blocks education health and dignity the question of justice arises. Step 3: In exams connect economic inequality with opportunities.
Correct answer: A. Extra learning support for weak students
Explanation: Step 1: For equal opportunity giving a chance alone may not be enough. Step 2: Extra learning support helps weak students compete in a real sense. Step 3: In exams see support as a way to make opportunity real.
Correct answer: A. Giving clear reasons
Explanation: Step 1: When reasons are clear people understand why a decision was made. Step 2: This increases both trust and fairness. Step 3: In exams connect clear reasons with transparency.
Correct answer: A. When similar situations receive similar treatment
Explanation: Step 1: The correct meaning of equality is similar treatment in similar situations. Step 2: Ignoring different needs can also create injustice. Step 3: In exams pay attention to similarity of situation.
Correct answer: A. It weakens merit and equal opportunity
Explanation: Step 1: Birth is not a fair measure of a person's merit or effort. Step 2: Birth based benefit can reduce opportunities for others. Step 3: In exams connect birth based opportunity with privilege.
Correct answer: A. Transport facility to school for children from a distant village
Explanation: Step 1: Children from a distant village may face difficulty reaching school. Step 2: Transport facility gives them a real chance for education. Step 3: In exams connect facility with opportunity.
Correct answer: A. The same legal process applies to both rich and poor
Explanation: Step 1: Equality before law means no person is above law. Step 2: Both rich and poor should receive the same legal process. Step 3: In exams connect it with fair legal treatment.
Correct answer: A. So that the decision is based on complete information
Explanation: Step 1: Hearing both sides helps understand facts better. Step 2: Deciding after hearing only one side can be biased. Step 3: In exams connect hearing with fair process.
Correct answer: A. People can present their problems and needs
Explanation: Step 1: Citizen participation brings real social problems forward. Step 2: This can make policies more just and useful. Step 3: In exams connect participation with democratic justice.
Correct answer: A. When some people have special needs
Explanation: Step 1: Equality is important but special need cannot be ignored. Step 2: Justice balances equality and need. Step 3: In exam examples of special need mention balance.
Correct answer: A. Real need and fair reason
Explanation: Step 1: Justice does not treat every difference as wrong. Step 2: If a difference is based on real need and fair reason it can be just. Step 3: In exams always identify the basis of difference.
Correct answer: A. They connect everyone with basic opportunities
Explanation: Step 1: Public facilities like health education and transport are linked with people's needs. Step 2: Through them more people reach opportunities. Step 3: In exams connect public facilities with social justice.
Correct answer: A. Checking whether someone faced discrimination without fair reason
Explanation: Step 1: Injustice often appears in discrimination or arbitrariness. Step 2: If there is no fair reason for harm the question of justice arises. Step 3: In exams check both reason and effect.
Correct answer: A. Caring for people's living conditions and needs
Explanation: Step 1: Welfare is related to people's basic needs in life. Step 2: A just society tries to provide a dignified life. Step 3: In exams connect welfare with social justice.
Correct answer: A. Seriousness of need
Explanation: Step 1: In a hospital everyone's need is not the same. Step 2: Treating a serious patient first is based on seriousness of need. Step 3: In exams connect health examples with need based justice.
Correct answer: A. Fairness
Explanation: Step 1: Rules told in advance give everyone a common basis for preparation. Step 2: This makes decisions and competition fairer. Step 3: In exams connect sports examples with just procedure.
Correct answer: A. According to rules and public interest
Explanation: Step 1: If power is used arbitrarily injustice can increase. Step 2: In a just society power is bound by rules and public interest. Step 3: In exams connect power with accountability.
Correct answer: A. Because a decision should be based on facts
Explanation: Step 1: A just decision should not be based on guess or rumour. Step 2: Evidence makes a decision more factual and fair. Step 3: In exams connect evidence with proper procedure.
Correct answer: A. Because a weak person's problem can easily be ignored
Explanation: Step 1: A weak person may find it difficult to present their problem. Step 2: Hearing that voice is a responsibility of a just society. Step 3: In exams connect hearing the weak with social justice.
Correct answer: A. They connect the principle with real life situations
Explanation: Step 1: Justice is a practical idea. Step 2: Examples from school hospital law and policy make it easier to understand. Step 3: In exams writing a short example with the definition is useful.
