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SubjectsPolitical Science
समानता
Equality in Class 11 Political Science, within Part 2: Political Theory, explores the idea that all people deserve equal moral and political worth. Students examine equality before the law, equal rights and opportunities, and the difference between treating everyone identically and addressing unequal social conditions. The topic also considers social and economic inequalities, discrimination, and why affirmative measures may be needed to create fair participation and genuine equality in a democratic society.
Correct answer: B. A person actually reaching and using the opportunity
Explanation: Step 1: Equal opportunity is not completed by declaration alone. Step 2: It becomes real when a person can use it with resources and security. Step 3: In exams identify the difference between declaration and use.
Correct answer: B. Substantive equality
Explanation: Step 1: Same rules show formal equality. Step 2: If people cannot benefit from them then substantive equality remains incomplete. Step 3: In exams examine both rules and life conditions.
Correct answer: B. Justice may provide suitable support according to different needs while accepting equal dignity
Explanation: Step 1: Justice is not only equal distribution of the same object. Step 2: Different support may be fair for equal dignity in different situations. Step 3: In exams connect justice with fairness and dignity.
Correct answer: B. A lasting obstacle created by social arrangements and resource distribution
Explanation: Step 1: A structural barrier is not limited to personal weakness. Step 2: It is created by social arrangements and distribution of resources. Step 3: In exams separate individual causes from structural causes.
Correct answer: A. Describing a social barrier as a natural weakness
Explanation: Step 1: Denying education is a social cause. Step 2: Later calling it lack of ability reverses cause and effect. Step 3: In exams keep natural difference and social barrier separate.
Correct answer: B. Because marks may have unequal preparation resources and guidance behind them
Explanation: Step 1: Marks are important but they do not tell the full story. Step 2: Preparation resources and guidance also shape merit. Step 3: In exams connect merit with the background of opportunity.
Correct answer: B. When a group's voice is heard and affects decisions
Explanation: Step 1: Representation is not mere presence. Step 2: Voice must be heard and must affect decisions. Step 3: In exams separate symbolic participation from meaningful participation.
Correct answer: A. Capacity for safe use
Explanation: Step 1: Having rights is necessary. Step 2: If fear prevents their use then equality remains incomplete. Step 3: In exams examine security along with rights.
Correct answer: A. Because denial of resources often becomes social humiliation too
Explanation: Step 1: Resources like water education and health are linked with life. Step 2: Denying them to a group can create both humiliation and exclusion. Step 3: In exams identify the link between resources and dignity.
Correct answer: A. Negative equality removes barriers and positive equality creates supportive conditions for real opportunity
Explanation: Step 1: Negative equality removes discrimination and privilege. Step 2: Positive equality gives support and facilities when needed. Step 3: In exams explain both with examples.
Correct answer: A. When a poor language community gets no books and its language is also insulted
Explanation: Step 1: Lack of books is an economic and educational barrier. Step 2: Insulting a language harms cultural dignity. Step 3: In exams identify inequality with multiple dimensions.
Correct answer: A. When several social barriers together weaken a person's position
Explanation: Step 1: Disadvantage can be created by many causes. Step 2: Poverty gender language and social status can combine to increase barriers. Step 3: In exams identify the combined effect separately.
Correct answer: A. Charity may depend on the giver's will but rights based support recognises dignity
Explanation: Step 1: Charity may be temporary and dependent on the will of a giver. Step 2: Rights based support treats a person as a citizen with dignity. Step 3: In exams connect welfare with rights and dignity.
Correct answer: A. Active citizenship
Explanation: Step 1: Equality is not limited to receiving support. Step 2: Voice and participation in decisions are necessary for citizenship. Step 3: In exams understand the difference between benefit and participation.
Correct answer: A. Without opportunity and means liberty may remain only on paper
Explanation: Step 1: Liberty is not only permission. Step 2: Without means and opportunity a person cannot use liberty. Step 3: In exams understand equality and liberty as supportive values.
Correct answer: A. Keeping a group away from education and public events for years so that both confidence and opportunity decline
Explanation: Step 1: Exclusion is not only one event. Step 2: Long exclusion can reduce confidence resources and participation. Step 3: In exams write deeper effects of exclusion.
Correct answer: A. Because health affects education work and life capacity
Explanation: Step 1: Health is a basic condition of life. Step 2: Illness can reduce capacity for education and work. Step 3: In exams treat health as part of substantive equality.
Correct answer: B. Equality accepts plurality with respect and opposes humiliation based on it
Explanation: Step 1: Plurality of language and lifestyle is normal in society. Step 2: Equality does not erase plurality but accepts it with respect. Step 3: In exams keep plurality and discrimination separate.
Correct answer: A. Support is not according to real need
Explanation: Step 1: Same support may appear fair. Step 2: The same amount is not enough when needs are different. Step 3: In exams identify need based fairness.
Correct answer: A. Because more important than spending is whether benefit reached the right group
Explanation: Step 1: Expenditure is a means of policy. Step 2: For equality reach and impact are more important. Step 3: In exams check results along with policy amount.
Correct answer: A. When birth status permanently limits a person's education and work opportunities
Explanation: Step 1: Social mobility shows the possibility of progress. Step 2: If birth decides opportunity then equality becomes weak. Step 3: In exams connect mobility with equal opportunity.
Correct answer: A. Competition appears neutral but some people receive invisible advantages
Explanation: Step 1: Privilege is not always visible openly. Step 2: Networks wealth and social status can give invisible advantages. Step 3: In exams identify hidden advantages.
Correct answer: A. A student got admission but began dropping out due to food books and travel costs
Explanation: Step 1: Admission is the first stage of education. Step 2: Food books and travel also matter for continuing study. Step 3: In exams distinguish access from retention.
Correct answer: A. Because a language barrier can block real learning capacity
Explanation: Step 1: Admission to school is not enough. Step 2: Not understanding the language weakens learning opportunity. Step 3: In exams connect language support with substantive equality.
Correct answer: A. Because it can signal social distance and humiliation
Explanation: Step 1: Public places are part of civic life. Step 2: Separate seating can weaken equal presence. Step 3: In exams notice subtle social behaviour.
