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SubjectsPolitical Science
समानता
Equality in Class 11 Political Science, within Part 2: Political Theory, explores the idea that all people deserve equal moral and political worth. Students examine equality before the law, equal rights and opportunities, and the difference between treating everyone identically and addressing unequal social conditions. The topic also considers social and economic inequalities, discrimination, and why affirmative measures may be needed to create fair participation and genuine equality in a democratic society.
Correct answer: B. When rules are equal but some groups lack the means to use them
Explanation: Step 1: Equal rules show formal equality. Step 2: Without resources, information and security, weaker groups cannot benefit from those rules. Step 3: In exams, examine real access along with the rule.
Correct answer: B. When rights are written but a person cannot use them due to illiteracy and fear
Explanation: Step 1: Having rights is the first step. Step 2: Equality may remain incomplete if the ability to use rights is missing. Step 3: In exams, understand rights and capability together.
Correct answer: A. Because humiliation and exclusion can also keep a person away from work and resources
Explanation: Step 1: Social humiliation does not remain only an emotional issue. Step 2: It can reduce chances of work, education and resources. Step 3: In exams, connect dignity with opportunity.
Correct answer: B. Whether it reduces real barriers of the most disadvantaged people
Explanation: Step 1: An equality policy is not judged by its name. Step 2: The real test is whether it reduces barriers for disadvantaged people. Step 3: In exams, write both reach and impact of a policy.
Correct answer: A. It can make selection and behaviour biased even within equal rules
Explanation: Step 1: Prejudice is not always visible in open words. Step 2: Bias can exist in behaviour despite equal rules. Step 3: In exams, identify hidden discrimination.
Correct answer: A. Some students not receiving information and preparation resources before selection
Explanation: Step 1: The process before the result is also important for equality. Step 2: Lack of information and preparation resources makes opportunity unequal at the beginning. Step 3: In exams, examine both process and result.
Correct answer: B. Positive equality identifies real disadvantage and creates supportive conditions
Explanation: Step 1: Positive equality identifies disadvantage. Step 2: It creates real opportunity through support and facilities. Step 3: In exams, write it as a corrective and supportive measure.
Correct answer: A. Privilege gives unfair advantage while special support can reduce real barriers
Explanation: Step 1: Privilege gives benefit without a fair basis. Step 2: Special support may correct a weaker position. Step 3: In exams, examine the reason and effect of a benefit.
Correct answer: A. It ignores structural barriers and inequality of opportunities
Explanation: Step 1: Personal effort is important but not the whole cause. Step 2: Lack of education, resources and social support can also deepen poverty. Step 3: In exams, identify structural causes.
Correct answer: A. Stopping a girl's education at home and later seeing her lag in public employment
Explanation: Step 1: A household decision belongs to the private sphere. Step 2: Stopping education reduces public opportunities too. Step 3: In exams, see the link between private and public inequality.
Correct answer: A. In democracy, equality gives citizens not only numerical presence but also effective voice
Explanation: Step 1: Democracy is not only about the number of votes. Step 2: Equality values citizens' voice and participation. Step 3: In exams, connect democracy with equal citizenship.
Correct answer: A. Because networks, guidance and trusted relations can affect opportunities
Explanation: Step 1: Opportunities are not shaped only by money. Step 2: Guidance and networks also help a person progress. Step 3: In exams, include social support among resources.
Correct answer: A. Children of a language community receive no books and their language is mocked
Explanation: Step 1: Lack of books is a resource problem. Step 2: Mocking language harms cultural dignity. Step 3: In exams, find multiple dimensions in one example.
Correct answer: A. When identity is accepted by name but rights, respect and opportunity are not given
Explanation: Step 1: Recognising identity may be the first step. Step 2: Equality also needs rights, respect and opportunity. Step 3: In exams, distinguish recognition from real equality.
Correct answer: A. Meaningful representation
Explanation: Step 1: Mere visibility is not the full meaning of representation. Step 2: Equality requires that voice is heard and affects decisions. Step 3: In exams, separate symbolic and effective participation.
Correct answer: A. When some groups face barriers deeper than general support can address
Explanation: Step 1: A universal policy is for everyone. Step 2: A group facing deep disadvantage may need additional targeted support. Step 3: In exams, match beneficiaries with need.
Correct answer: A. It shows whether a person can move beyond birth status
Explanation: Step 1: Social mobility shows whether opportunities are open or closed. Step 2: If birth decides the future, equality is weak. Step 3: In exams, connect mobility with equal opportunity.
Correct answer: A. When a poor person cannot afford lawyer, travel and document costs
Explanation: Step 1: Having legal rights is necessary. Step 2: Inability to afford costs can block access to justice. Step 3: In exams, identify the link between economic and legal equality.
Correct answer: B. A persistent barrier created by social arrangements, resource distribution and behaviour
Explanation: Step 1: A structural barrier is not a small personal fault. Step 2: It is created by arrangements and unequal distribution of resources. Step 3: In exams, separate individual and structural causes.
Correct answer: B. By looking at preparation, resources and social support behind the marks
Explanation: Step 1: Marks are important but do not tell the whole story. Step 2: Preparation, resources and guidance shape merit. Step 3: In exams, connect merit with the background of opportunities.
Correct answer: B. Equality accepts plurality but rejects humiliation based on plurality
Explanation: Step 1: Plurality of language, culture and lifestyle is natural in society. Step 2: Equality accepts this plurality with respect. Step 3: In exams, keep plurality separate from discrimination.
Correct answer: A. The role of fair process, opportunity and dignity
Explanation: Step 1: Outcomes can be one aspect of equality. Step 2: But process, opportunity and respect are also central to equality. Step 3: In exams, always examine conditions before results.
Correct answer: A. When children are falling behind in learning due to a language barrier
Explanation: Step 1: Access to school is not enough. Step 2: A language barrier can weaken learning opportunity. Step 3: In exams, connect language support with substantive equality.
Correct answer: A. When an affected group receives resources but has no voice in decision-making
Explanation: Step 1: Receiving resources is important. Step 2: But being away from decision-making power weakens political equality. Step 3: In exams, examine both resources and power.
Correct answer: B. Liberty becomes real when opportunities and means to use it are available
Explanation: Step 1: Liberty is not only permission. Step 2: Without means and opportunities, liberty may remain on paper. Step 3: In exams, understand equality and liberty as supportive too.
