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SubjectsPolitical Science
समानता
Equality in Class 11 Political Science, within Part 2: Political Theory, explores the idea that all people deserve equal moral and political worth. Students examine equality before the law, equal rights and opportunities, and the difference between treating everyone identically and addressing unequal social conditions. The topic also considers social and economic inequalities, discrimination, and why affirmative measures may be needed to create fair participation and genuine equality in a democratic society.
Correct answer: A. Equality accepts diversity while demanding fairness in dignity and opportunities
Explanation: Step 1: Equality is a demand for justice in a diverse society. Step 2: It looks at dignity, opportunity and freedom from discrimination together. Step 3: In exams, do not limit the answer to only one dimension.
Correct answer: A. Equality means removing unjust discrimination and creating respectful and fair opportunities for all
Explanation: Step 1: Equality is a broad political idea. Step 2: Its core includes dignity, rights, opportunity and opposition to discrimination. Step 3: In exams, include these four points in simple language while defining it.
Correct answer: A. Treating all humans as equal in dignity and rights
Explanation: Step 1: The core basis of equality is human dignity. Step 2: It demands fair treatment in rights and opportunities. Step 3: In exams, remember equality through dignity and rights.
Correct answer: B. Equal citizenship
Explanation: Step 1: Equal citizenship gives every citizen equal status. Step 2: Excluding someone from office by birth weakens equal opportunity. Step 3: In exams, treat birth-based exclusion as inequality.
Correct answer: C. Equality seeks justice in respect and opportunity while uniformity makes everyone identical
Explanation: Step 1: Equality does not end diversity. Step 2: It aims to give equal respect and opportunity to different people. Step 3: In exams, separate equality from sameness.
Correct answer: D. Respectful social behaviour toward all groups
Explanation: Step 1: Social equality is linked with respect and social status. Step 2: It becomes stronger when all groups are treated with dignity. Step 3: In exams, connect social equality with everyday behaviour.
Correct answer: A. Rule of law
Explanation: Step 1: Equality before law means no person is above the law. Step 2: This is the basic spirit of rule of law. Step 3: In exams, write legal equality and rule of law together.
Correct answer: B. Lack of substantive equality
Explanation: Step 1: Permission for admission may show formal equality. Step 2: Without facilities, students with disabilities cannot actually use the opportunity. Step 3: In exams, identify real access carefully.
Correct answer: A. A policy that reduces real barriers faced by weaker groups
Explanation: Step 1: Positive equality is not limited to equal rules. Step 2: It makes opportunity real by reducing barriers faced by weaker groups. Step 3: In exams, connect it with supportive and corrective measures.
Correct answer: B. Creating fair access to basic needs and resources
Explanation: Step 1: Economic equality is linked with wealth and resources. Step 2: It aims at fair access to needs like food, education, health and livelihood. Step 3: In exams, connect economic equality with opportunities.
Correct answer: A. All citizens getting equal voting rights
Explanation: Step 1: Political equality is linked with citizen participation. Step 2: Equal voting rights give value to the political voice of citizens. Step 3: In exams, treat voting rights as a key example of political equality.
Correct answer: A. Because natural differences may relate to body or ability while social injustice is created by discrimination
Explanation: Step 1: Natural differences may relate to body, age or ability. Step 2: Social injustice is created by discriminatory rules and behaviour. Step 3: In exams, identify natural and social causes separately.
Correct answer: B. Social exclusion and unequal access
Explanation: Step 1: A library is a public source of knowledge. Step 2: Stopping a community creates exclusion and unequal opportunity. Step 3: In exams, consider equal access to public resources important.
Correct answer: B. When a person faces unfair treatment based on identity
Explanation: Step 1: Being different is not discrimination by itself. Step 2: Giving unfair advantage or disadvantage based on identity is discrimination. Step 3: In exams, focus on fairness of treatment.
Correct answer: B. When some people start from a very weak social and economic position
Explanation: Step 1: Equal rules show formal equality. Step 2: People with weak starting positions may not benefit equally from those rules. Step 3: In exams, understand the difference between equal rules and equal opportunity.
Correct answer: A. Because without dignity, rights and opportunities feel incomplete
Explanation: Step 1: Equality is not only about receiving facilities. Step 2: A person must also have a respectful life. Step 3: In exams, write dignity as a foundation of equality.
Correct answer: B. They try to provide opportunities to groups that faced historical disadvantage
Explanation: Step 1: Reservation is understood in the context of positive equality. Step 2: Its aim is to increase opportunity by reducing past social disadvantage. Step 3: In exams, connect it with social justice.
Correct answer: A. Legal equality and equal opportunity
Explanation: Step 1: The liberal view values the individual and rights. Step 2: Equality before law and equality of opportunity are prominent in it. Step 3: In exams, identify the priority of equality according to each viewpoint.
Correct answer: B. Economic inequality and unequal distribution of resources
Explanation: Step 1: The socialist view sees economic gaps as a major cause of inequality. Step 2: It emphasizes a fairer distribution of resources. Step 3: In exams, connect socialist equality with economic justice.
Correct answer: A. Gender-based discrimination and stereotyped roles
Explanation: Step 1: The feminist view identifies gender-based inequality in society. Step 2: It challenges stereotyped roles and discriminatory behaviour. Step 3: In exams, connect it with gender equality.
Correct answer: B. Gender and economic inequality
Explanation: Step 1: Lower pay for the same work is unfair. Step 2: A wage gap based on gender affects both gender and economic equality. Step 3: In exams, understand wages and gender together.
Correct answer: B. It gives low-income children a chance to learn and progress
Explanation: Step 1: Education is a major basis of opportunities. Step 2: Public education opens paths for children from poor and middle-income families. Step 3: In exams, treat education as a key to equal opportunity.
Correct answer: A. Social and economic equality
Explanation: Step 1: Health is a basic need of life. Step 2: Health support for poor families improves life chances. Step 3: In exams, connect health support with welfare-based equality.
Correct answer: B. Whether everyone received equal means to develop merit
Explanation: Step 1: Merit is not only inborn. Step 2: Education, nutrition, practice and guidance also develop merit. Step 3: In exams, connect merit with the background of opportunities.
Correct answer: C. Equality means forcibly making all people identical
Explanation: Step 1: Equality does not mean making everyone identical. Step 2: It seeks fair treatment while accepting diversity. Step 3: In exams, be careful of such misleading statements.
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