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SubjectsPolitical Science
समानता
Equality in Class 11 Political Science, within Part 2: Political Theory, explores the idea that all people deserve equal moral and political worth. Students examine equality before the law, equal rights and opportunities, and the difference between treating everyone identically and addressing unequal social conditions. The topic also considers social and economic inequalities, discrimination, and why affirmative measures may be needed to create fair participation and genuine equality in a democratic society.
Correct answer: A. Substantive and positive equality
Explanation: Step 1: Giving the same building is not enough if some students cannot enter it. Step 2: A ramp gives real access and makes opportunity fair. Step 3: In exams, treat such facilities as examples of positive equality.
Correct answer: A. Equality demands equal respect, fair opportunity and removal of unjust discrimination
Explanation: Step 1: Equality is a multi-dimensional idea. Step 2: It includes respect, opportunity, rights and opposition to discrimination. Step 3: In exams, write answers on equality in a broad but simple way.
Correct answer: A. Equal dignity of all human beings
Explanation: Step 1: Equality is rooted in human dignity. Step 2: Every person deserves respect and opportunity. Step 3: In exams, connect equality with dignity and justice.
Correct answer: A. Social equality
Explanation: Step 1: Ranking people by birth is social discrimination. Step 2: It harms dignity and respect. Step 3: In exams, link birth-based discrimination with social inequality.
Correct answer: A. People may have differences but respect should be equal
Explanation: Step 1: Equality does not aim to erase all diversity. Step 2: It says equal respect must exist despite differences. Step 3: In exams, do not confuse equality with uniformity.
Correct answer: A. When an influential person gets exemption even after wrongdoing
Explanation: Step 1: Equality before law means no one is above the law. Step 2: Exemption for an influential person violates this principle. Step 3: In exams, identify it as a weakness of rule of law.
Correct answer: A. Fair conditions for entry and preparation in competition
Explanation: Step 1: Equal opportunity means getting a fair chance to progress. Step 2: Permission to sit in an exam is not enough; preparation conditions also matter. Step 3: In exams, keep opportunity and outcome separate.
Correct answer: A. Hostel and transport support for children from distant villages
Explanation: Step 1: Substantive equality looks at real-life barriers. Step 2: Hostel and transport support reduce the actual problem of distance. Step 3: In exams, identify real access carefully.
Correct answer: A. Creating equal opportunity by reducing past disadvantage
Explanation: Step 1: Affirmative action supports groups that were kept disadvantaged for a long time. Step 2: Its aim is to make competition fairer. Step 3: In exams, understand it as a corrective measure for equality.
Correct answer: A. Formal equality looks at rules while substantive equality also looks at real barriers
Explanation: Step 1: Formal equality shows equality in rules. Step 2: Substantive equality asks whether people can actually use the right. Step 3: In exams, explain the difference with an example.
Correct answer: A. Equal importance of every citizen's political voice
Explanation: Step 1: Political equality is linked with citizens' participation. Step 2: Giving equal value to every citizen's voice is necessary for democracy. Step 3: In exams, remember voting rights and representation together.
Correct answer: A. Poor people may lag in effective participation due to lack of resources
Explanation: Step 1: On paper, everyone may have political rights. Step 2: Poverty can reduce participation by limiting information, time and resources. Step 3: In exams, understand the link between economic and political equality.
Correct answer: A. Because language affects a person's dignity and social status
Explanation: Step 1: Insulting words lower a person's dignity. Step 2: Respectful language strengthens social equality and dignity. Step 3: In exams, connect language with social behaviour.
Correct answer: A. Making all students run the same race when some students with disabilities need support
Explanation: Step 1: Same rules are not fair in every situation. Step 2: Not supporting students with disabilities weakens real opportunity. Step 3: In exams, see the relation between equality and reasonable support.
Correct answer: A. Preventing discrimination and making policies that expand opportunity
Explanation: Step 1: The state can strengthen equality through laws and policies. Step 2: Preventing discrimination and providing education and health facilities are important. Step 3: In exams, see the state as an active tool of equality.
Correct answer: A. Natural differences may relate to body or ability while social inequality is created by social arrangements
Explanation: Step 1: Natural differences may be linked with birth or body. Step 2: Social inequality is created by rules, customs and discrimination. Step 3: In exams, it is important to distinguish the two.
Correct answer: A. Some people getting extra benefits without a fair basis
Explanation: Step 1: Privilege gives unfair advantage to some people in society. Step 2: It reduces equal opportunity and fairness. Step 3: In exams, treat privilege as an obstacle to equality.
Correct answer: A. Social equality
Explanation: Step 1: Equal access to public places is linked with social respect. Step 2: Removing caste-based barriers strengthens social equality. Step 3: In exams, treat equal access to public places as an important example.
Correct answer: A. Because change in social attitudes and behaviour is also necessary
Explanation: Step 1: Law is an important tool to stop discrimination. Step 2: But stereotypes and behaviour within families also affect equality. Step 3: In exams, mention both law and social change.
Correct answer: A. Equality is one of the necessary conditions of a just society
Explanation: Step 1: Justice means a fair and dignified order. Step 2: Without equality, many people may not get opportunity and respect. Step 3: In exams, treat equality as an important part of justice.
Correct answer: A. It reduces barriers of nutrition and participation in education
Explanation: Step 1: Hunger and poverty can become barriers to education. Step 2: A meal scheme helps children stay in school and learn. Step 3: In exams, connect it with welfare-based equality.
Correct answer: A. Political equality
Explanation: Step 1: Participation in public decisions is related to politics. Step 2: Equal political rights give citizens a voice in decision-making. Step 3: In exams, connect participation with political equality.
Correct answer: A. It prevents the tendency to look down upon a person because of work
Explanation: Step 1: In society, people are sometimes considered inferior because of their work. Step 2: Respect for labour increases social equality and dignity. Step 3: In exams, write the link between work and dignity.
Correct answer: A. When education, property and opportunities remain limited to some groups
Explanation: Step 1: Inequality does not remain only a one-time problem. Step 2: If resources stay within some groups, the next generation may also remain disadvantaged. Step 3: In exams, link intergenerational inequality with opportunities.
Correct answer: A. When admission is open but fees are impossible for poor students
Explanation: Step 1: A declaration may appear equal. Step 2: But very high fees create a real barrier for poor students. Step 3: In exams, observe the difference between declaration and real access.
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