How can migration have a dual effect on a farming family's livelihood?

Correct answer: It may send cash income but reduce labour and care on the farm

Migration can affect a farming household in two opposite ways at the same time. A family member who migrates for work may send money home, helping pay for food, education, health care, farm inputs, or debt. However, that person is then unavailable for sowing, weeding, harvesting, animal care, or decisions requiring labour on the farm. The final effect depends on who migrates, how much money is sent, and whether replacement labour is available.

Option A is correct because it includes both the possible benefit of cash income and the possible cost of reduced farm labour and care. B is too absolute because migration can create difficulties. C ignores remittances and other possible earnings, while D is unrelated because migration cannot control weather. The word “dual” is important: the effect is not automatically wholly beneficial or wholly harmful.