What is the main risk in monsoon-dependent agriculture?

Correct answer: Crop may be affected by less or excess rainfall

Monsoon-dependent farming relies heavily on seasonal rainfall. If the rain arrives late, is too little, or is excessive, seeds may not germinate properly, crops may dry, or standing plants may be damaged by waterlogging and floods. Thus, the main risk is uncertainty in rainfall, not the absence of all water or the absence of sowing.

Option D is correct because it directly describes both major rainfall problems: deficiency and excess. A is wrong because crop yield cannot remain the same when rainfall changes. B and C are wrong because farming still needs water and sowing. The uncertainty may reduce production, income, and the farmer’s ability to plan, which is why rainfall risk is central to monsoon agriculture.