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Why does the path of P waves bend inside the Earth?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: The wave velocity changes because density and elastic properties vary across Earth’s layers

P-wave speed is controlled by the density and elastic moduli of the material through which the wave travels. These properties change with depth and at boundaries between the crust, mantle and core. A change in speed causes refraction, so the ray path bends rather than remaining straight. Reflection may occur at some interfaces, but complete reflection at every boundary would not explain the observed gradual bending. Frequency is not the governing cause.

Related tags

P-WavesRefractionEarth LayersSeismic WavesWave Velocity

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