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What can be estimated from the difference in arrival times of P and S waves?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Distance to the earthquake epicentre

The governing concept is the different speeds of seismic waves. P waves travel faster than S waves, so a seismograph records P first and S later. The time gap between their arrivals is compared with standard travel-time data to estimate the station’s distance from the earthquake epicentre. Hence option A is correct. Magnitude requires amplitude and other measurements, while rainfall and Earth’s rotation are unrelated to the P–S arrival interval.

Related tags

P WavesS WavesEpicentreSeismology

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