Geography

Greenhouse effect and global warming

ग्रीनहाउस प्रभाव और वैश्विक ऊष्मीकरण

In this Class 11 Geography topic from “World Climate and Climate Change,” students learn how the greenhouse effect regulates Earth’s temperature and why human activities can intensify it. They examine the roles of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and water vapour, distinguishing the natural greenhouse effect from enhanced warming caused by fossil-fuel use, deforestation, and changing land use. The topic connects rising temperatures with melting ice, sea-level rise, shifting rainfall, extreme weather, and impacts on ecosystems and people, while introducing broad approaches to mitigation and adaptation.