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Subjects

Geography

Insolation and factors affecting it

In Class 11 Geography, this topic explains insolation—the incoming solar radiation received by Earth—and its role in the chapter Solar Radiation, Heat Balance, and Temperature. Students learn how the angle of the Sun’s rays, duration of daylight, latitude, season, Earth–Sun distance, and atmospheric conditions affect the amount of energy reaching different places. The topic also helps them understand why heating varies across Earth’s surface and how these variations influence temperature patterns and the broader heat balance.

Expert · Level 6 · 25 questions

Practice questions

01Which statement about the solar constant is more scientific?

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Answer and explanation

02Why does surface direct radiation decrease when the atmospheric path of sun rays becomes longer?

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03Why is insolation intensity higher at noon than in morning and evening?

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04In which condition will the duration of insolation received at Earth's surface be greatest?

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05Why can heat absorption remain limited in a high mountain snow-covered area despite strong sunshine?

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06Which latitudinal belt is most likely to have the highest average annual insolation?

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07If smoke and pollution persist over an area, what will happen to the surface solar energy budget?

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08How does Earth's axial tilt affect insolation?

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09What is an important reason why insolation and temperature are not immediately identical?

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10Why can temperature rise differ over sea and land even with equal insolation?

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11Why can clouds lower surface heating by day and reduce heat loss by night?

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12If surface albedo is (0.80), what part of incoming solar energy is mainly reflected?

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13If albedo is (0.25), what is the approximate fraction of absorbed energy?

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14Which type of surface may show greater temperature rise under equal insolation?

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15Why does a highly humid atmosphere affect surface insolation?

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16In understanding radiation balance, how is insolation considered?

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17Why can insolation intensity differ at two latitudes even with equal day length?

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18Why may solar energy feel weak on a clear winter morning?

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19If vegetation cover is replaced by dark urban surfaces, what local effect on absorption is possible?

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20Which statement gives the most complete explanation of insolation distribution?

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21When does diffuse radiation become more important compared with direct rays due to atmospheric scattering?

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22What happens to daily total insolation when short day length and oblique rays occur together?

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23If the Sun is overhead at a place but dense clouds are present, what conclusion about surface insolation is correct?

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24Under which condition will effective insolation at a land surface be near maximum?

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25How is unequal distribution of insolation linked with formation of climatic zones?

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