Geography

Distribution of temperature and inversion of temperature

Q: Which factor causes temperature to decrease toward the poles?

Increasing obliqueness of sun rays Toward the poles sun rays become more oblique and energy spreads out. In exams remember latitude with solar angle.

Q: In which region is average annual temperature generally higher?

Low latitudes Low latitudes receive more direct sun rays. In exams link equatorial regions with higher temperature.

Q: What is the normal process of temperature decreasing with height called?

Lapse of temperature Temperature generally decreases with height and this is called lapse of temperature. In exams use it to explain mountain coolness.

Q: How can the annual temperature range be in an area far from the sea?

High Far from sea land heats and cools quickly. In exams link distance from sea with continentality.

Q: Why does temperature generally remain balanced in coastal climate?

Sea heats and cools slowly Water has high heat capacity so coastal temperature remains moderate. In exams remember coastal areas by maritime influence.

Q: What is the main effect of continentality on temperature?

Temperature range increases In inland areas maritime control is weak so temperature range increases. In exams link continentality with higher temperature range.

Q: Which line joins places having equal temperature?

Isotherm The direct answer is C: isotherm. An isotherm is an imaginary line drawn on a map through places that have the same temperature at a specified time or during a specified period. The word can be understood as iso, meaning equal, and therm, meaning heat or temperature. Therefore C is correct. A, an isobar, joins places with equal atmospheric pressure, not equal temperature. B, an isohyet, joins places receiving equal rainfall. D, a coastline, marks the meeting area of land and sea; it does not show equal temperature. The exact identification is equal temperature → isotherm. The date or period matters in real maps because temperatures change, but the definition remains the same. Memory cue: therm means temperature, so isotherm means equal temperature.

Q: What is the main use of isotherms?

Showing temperature distribution Isotherms show spatial differences of temperature on maps. Link them with temperature maps in exams.

Q: What effect does a warm ocean current have on a coastal area?

Can warm the coast A warm current brings heat and can raise coastal temperature. In exams link warm current with warming.

Q: What is the general effect of a cold ocean current on coastal temperature?

Temperature decreases A cold current can cool the air near the coast. In exams remember cold current by cooling effect.

This Class 11 Geography topic explains how temperature varies across the Earth’s surface and through the atmosphere as part of solar radiation, heat balance, and temperature studies. Students learn about horizontal and vertical temperature distribution, the normal decrease of temperature with altitude, and the factors that influence it, including latitude, land and water, ocean currents, winds, and relief. The topic also examines temperature inversion, its causes, types, and effects on air movement, fog, pollution, and local weather conditions.

Easy · Level 3 · 25 questions

Practice questions

01Which factor causes temperature to decrease toward the poles?

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Answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. Increasing obliqueness of sun rays

Toward the poles sun rays become more oblique and energy spreads out. In exams remember latitude with solar angle.

Distribution of temperature and inversion of temperature

Practice questions

01Which factor causes temperature to decrease toward the poles?किस कारक के कारण पृथ्वी पर तापमान ध्रुवों की ओर घटता जाता है?

02In which region is average annual temperature generally higher?किस क्षेत्र में औसत वार्षिक तापमान सामान्यतः अधिक पाया जाता है?

03What is the normal process of temperature decreasing with height called?ऊंचाई के साथ तापमान घटने की सामान्य प्रक्रिया को क्या कहते हैं?

04How can the annual temperature range be in an area far from the sea?समुद्र से दूर स्थित क्षेत्र में तापमान का वार्षिक परिसर कैसा हो सकता है?

05Why does temperature generally remain balanced in coastal climate?तटीय जलवायु में तापमान सामान्यतः क्यों संतुलित रहता है?

06What is the main effect of continentality on temperature?महाद्वीपीयता का तापमान पर मुख्य प्रभाव क्या है?

07Which line joins places having equal temperature?किस रेखा से समान तापमान वाले स्थानों को जोड़ा जाता है?

08What is the main use of isotherms?समताप रेखाओं का प्रमुख उपयोग क्या है?

09What effect does a warm ocean current have on a coastal area?गर्म महासागरीय धारा तटीय क्षेत्र पर क्या प्रभाव डालती है?

10What is the general effect of a cold ocean current on coastal temperature?ठंडी महासागरीय धारा का तटीय तापमान पर सामान्य प्रभाव क्या होता है?

11How do sea winds affect temperature?समुद्री पवनें तापमान को कैसा बनाती हैं?

12How can winds coming from land affect temperature?स्थल से आने वाली पवनें तापमान पर कैसा प्रभाव डाल सकती हैं?

13Why can a vegetated area be cooler than open bare land?वनस्पति वाले क्षेत्र का तापमान खुली नंगी भूमि से कम क्यों हो सकता है?

14Why does an urban heat island form in cities?शहरों में शहरी ऊष्मा द्वीप क्यों बनता है?

15Why can slope direction change temperature?ढाल की दिशा तापमान को क्यों बदल सकती है?

16In the Northern Hemisphere which slope can generally receive more solar energy?उत्तरी गोलार्ध में कौन सी ढाल सामान्यतः अधिक सौर ऊर्जा पा सकती है?

17What is meant by daily range of temperature?दैनिक ताप परिसर का अर्थ क्या है?

18Annual temperature range shows the difference between what?वार्षिक ताप परिसर किसका अंतर बताता है?

19What is one reason for lower temperature range in humid areas?आर्द्र क्षेत्रों में तापांतर कम होने का एक कारण क्या है?

20Why can temperature fall quickly at night in dry desert areas?शुष्क मरुस्थलीय क्षेत्र में रात को तापमान जल्दी क्यों गिर सकता है?

21Temperature inversion is the reverse of which normal rule?तापमान उलटाव किस सामान्य नियम का उल्टा है?

22What is the lower air like during temperature inversion?तापमान उलटाव में निचली वायु कैसी होती है?

23Which inversion can form due to radiational cooling at night?रात में विकिरणीय शीतलन से कौन सा उलटाव बन सकता है?

24Which condition is most favorable for radiation inversion?विकिरणीय उलटाव के लिए कौन सी स्थिति सबसे अनुकूल है?

25Why is vertical air movement weak during temperature inversion?तापमान उलटाव में ऊर्ध्व वायु गति क्यों कम होती है?

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01Which factor causes temperature to decrease toward the poles?

02In which region is average annual temperature generally higher?

03What is the normal process of temperature decreasing with height called?

04How can the annual temperature range be in an area far from the sea?

05Why does temperature generally remain balanced in coastal climate?

06What is the main effect of continentality on temperature?

07Which line joins places having equal temperature?

08What is the main use of isotherms?

09What effect does a warm ocean current have on a coastal area?

10What is the general effect of a cold ocean current on coastal temperature?

11How do sea winds affect temperature?

12How can winds coming from land affect temperature?

13Why can a vegetated area be cooler than open bare land?

14Why does an urban heat island form in cities?

15Why can slope direction change temperature?

16In the Northern Hemisphere which slope can generally receive more solar energy?

17What is meant by daily range of temperature?

18Annual temperature range shows the difference between what?

19What is one reason for lower temperature range in humid areas?

20Why can temperature fall quickly at night in dry desert areas?

21Temperature inversion is the reverse of which normal rule?

22What is the lower air like during temperature inversion?

23Which inversion can form due to radiational cooling at night?

24Which condition is most favorable for radiation inversion?

25Why is vertical air movement weak during temperature inversion?