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With reference to Earth's interior and seismic waves, which of the following cause-and-effect relationships is correct?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: The liquid state of the outer core → S waves cannot pass through it

S waves propagate only through solids; therefore, the liquid outer core does not allow them to pass through, producing an S-wave shadow zone in seismic records. Option C is wrong because P waves can travel through liquids, although their velocity changes at a boundary. The Gutenberg boundary separates the mantle from the core, not the crust from the mantle. Exam tip: the absence of S waves beyond certain regions is key evidence that the outer core is liquid.

Related tags

Interior Of EarthSeismic WavesS WavesOuter CoreGutenberg BoundaryInterior Structure Of The EarthInterior Of The EarthGeography

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