The latitudinal extent of India's mainland is determined by which type of geographical lines?

Correct answer: Northern latitudes

The governing concept is latitude: it measures angular distance north or south of the Equator. India’s mainland extends approximately from 8°4′N in the south to 37°6′N in the north, so its latitudinal extent is expressed through northern latitudes. Option A is correct because the N suffix identifies positions north of the Equator. Eastern longitudes describe India’s east–west, or longitudinal, extent, not its north–south extent. Ocean currents are moving water masses and state boundaries are political divisions; neither is a coordinate system for measuring latitude. Thus the relevant lines are parallels of latitude in the Northern Hemisphere.