Geography

Mapping of the ocean floor

महासागर तल का मानचित्रण

In this Class 11 Geography topic from “Distribution of Oceans and Continents,” students learn how the ocean floor is mapped and interpreted. They explore major features such as continental shelves, slopes, deep-sea plains, mid-ocean ridges, trenches and seamounts, and understand how soundings, sonar and bathymetric maps reveal underwater relief. The topic also helps connect ocean-floor patterns with plate boundaries, seafloor spreading and the changing distribution of continents and oceans.

Practice questions

01 For which information is side-scan sonar considered more useful in ocean-floor mapping?

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Answer and explanation

Mapping of the ocean floor

Practice questions

01 For which information is side-scan sonar considered more useful in ocean-floor mapping?

02 Why is seismic reflection useful for understanding structures below the ocean floor?

03 Why is it necessary to correct raw depth data for tides in sea-floor mapping?

04 How may fracture zones appear on ocean-floor maps?

05 Why is sound-speed correction applied in high-accuracy ocean-floor measurement?

06 What is meant by the shelf break in mapping a continental margin?

07 What process may be indicated by fan-shaped deposits on the ocean floor?

08 How can an oceanic plateau be distinguished from a normal abyssal plain?

09 While mapping marine magnetic stripes, what does their parallel pattern indicate?

10 How are abyssal hills identified in deep ocean-floor relief?

11 What hidden feature can a gravity anomaly map of the ocean floor indicate?

12 Why is gridding of data necessary in ocean-floor mapping?

13 What is the main difference between ship-based sounding and satellite-based estimation?

14 Which sea-floor feature may be most closely related to transform faults?

15 What is the basis for considering a sea-floor area with little or no sediment as young?

16 In a colour bathymetric map from multibeam sonar, what are colours generally used for?

17 Why can fine sediments accumulate on abyssal plains even from distant sources?

18 If isobaths form closed loops and depth decreases inward on an ocean-floor map, what does it indicate?

19 If closed isobaths show increasing depth inward, what may it indicate?

20 What is a common feature of a passive continental margin in sea-floor profile?

21 Why can the shelf be relatively narrow at an active continental margin?

22 Why are profiles prepared even after plotting deep points in ocean-floor mapping?

23 If a chain of seamounts is arranged in an age sequence, what process may it indicate?

24 How can a flat-topped submerged mountain on an ocean-floor map indicate an old sea-level effect?

25 In ocean-floor mapping, submarine canyons cutting the continental slope may be linked with which hazard?

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