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In this Class 11 Geography topic from “Distribution of Oceans and Continents,” students learn how the ocean floor is mapped and interpreted. They explore major features such as continental shelves, slopes, deep-sea plains, mid-ocean ridges, trenches and seamounts, and understand how soundings, sonar and bathymetric maps reveal underwater relief. The topic also helps connect ocean-floor patterns with plate boundaries, seafloor spreading and the changing distribution of continents and oceans.
Practice questions
01 Mapping sediment thickness on the ocean floor can be useful in which study?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Marine deposition and geological history
Explanation: Sediment layers give information about past environment and deposition. Exam tip: consider sediments as geological evidence.
03 Why is continuous measurement more useful than a single depth measurement in ocean floor mapping?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. It shows the changing floor shape better
Explanation: One point depth does not show full relief while continuous measurement builds a profile. Exam tip: understand point versus area measurement.
13 If an isolated volcanic rise on the sea floor does not reach the surface, what is it called?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: B. Seamount
Explanation: A seamount rises from the sea floor but does not reach the water surface. Exam tip: understand the difference between island and seamount.
25 Why may a slight bulge appear on the sea surface above high features of the ocean floor?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: B. Due to local variation in gravitational attraction
Explanation: Large sea-floor highs can slightly affect local gravity and create small sea-surface changes. Exam tip: connect this with satellite altimetry.
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