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What causes permanent joining by ligase?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Formation of phosphodiester bond

The direct answer is B: formation of a phosphodiester bond. DNA ligase joins two DNA ends by making a covalent phosphodiester bond in the sugar-phosphate backbone. First, the ends are brought close and correctly aligned. Then ligase seals the break by joining the 3′-OH group of one nucleotide to the 5′-phosphate group of the other. Because this is a strong covalent bond, the joining is permanent under ordinary conditions. A is wrong because hydrogen bonds between bases are weak and reversible; they help complementary strands pair but do not seal a backbone break. B is correct because it describes the actual permanent chemical link. C is irrelevant: a colour change is not DNA joining. D is irrelevant: gel solidification is a physical change and does not connect DNA ends. Memory cue: ligase is the DNA “glue,” and its glue is a covalent phosphodiester bond.

Related tags

Permanent JoiningPhosphodiester BondCovalent Bond

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