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What happens if non-complementary sticky ends are present in a ligase reaction?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Joining will be difficult

The direct answer is option B: joining will be difficult. Sticky ends are single-stranded overhangs. Complementary bases on two overhangs can pair through hydrogen bonds, placing the DNA fragments in a suitable position for ligase to seal their sugar-phosphate backbones. Non-complementary sticky ends cannot form the required base pairing, so the fragments do not align and remain together efficiently. Therefore ligation may be reduced or difficult. Option A is wrong because non-complementarity does not make joining easier. Option B is correct because it describes the reduced efficiency expected in this reaction. Option C is wrong because DNA-to-protein conversion is not automatic and requires transcription followed by translation. Option D is wrong because DNA cutting is done by restriction enzymes or other nucleases, whereas ligase joins DNA. Memory cue: complementary ends pair; ligase then repairs the backbone.

Related tags

Non Complementary EndsSticky EndsLigation

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