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On what principle does a hybridization probe work in library screening?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Complementary base pairing

The direct answer is A: complementary base pairing. A hybridization probe is a labelled single-stranded DNA or RNA sequence designed to recognize a matching target sequence in a library. The reasoning is: the probe has a known sequence; its bases pair with the opposite complementary bases of the target; A pairs with T in DNA, A with U in RNA, and G pairs with C; if the sequences are sufficiently complementary, the probe binds and its label reveals the clone containing the target. Option A is correct because this specific base-pairing principle makes library screening possible. Option B is wrong because protein digestion does not identify a matching nucleic-acid sequence. Option C, water evaporation, is not the recognition mechanism. Option D, host colour change, is neither required nor the basis of probe binding. Hybridization can be affected by temperature and salt, so suitable conditions help specific binding. Memory cue: probe finds its target by sequence complementarity, like a matching key.

Related tags

Hybridization ProbeComplementary Base PairingLibrary Screening

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