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Why is Agrobacterium called a natural genetic engineer in plant biotechnology?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Because it can transfer DNA into plant cells

The direct answer is A: Agrobacterium can transfer DNA into plant cells. This bacterium naturally causes crown gall disease by using a Ti plasmid. A region called T-DNA can be transferred from the bacterium into a plant cell, where it may become integrated into the plant genome. Scientists remove disease-causing genes and replace them with a desired gene, using the same transfer ability for plant transformation. Option A is correct because DNA transfer into plant cells is the special natural property behind the name “natural genetic engineer.” Option B is wrong: Agrobacterium does not make human cells; the question concerns plant cells. Option C is unrelated because freezing water is not a genetic-engineering function. Option D is also unrelated: protein digestion is not the reason this bacterium is useful for gene transfer. The exact fact chain is bacterium with Ti plasmid; T-DNA transfer; entry into plant cell; possible integration; transformed plant. Memory cue: Agrobacterium acts like a natural DNA delivery vehicle for plants.

Related tags

AgrobacteriumT-DnaPlant Biotechnology

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