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Why are competent cells made before introducing a cloning vector into a host?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: To make DNA uptake easier

Competent cells are host cells treated so that they can take up external, usually recombinant, DNA more efficiently. In bacterial transformation, chemical treatment such as calcium-ion treatment followed by heat shock, or electroporation, temporarily helps DNA cross the cell envelope. Therefore option A is correct: competence increases the probability that the cloning vector will enter the cell. It does not digest proteins, control water evaporation, or synthesize chlorophyll. After uptake, the cells may be grown under suitable selection so that vector-containing cells can be identified. Competence improves DNA entry; it does not itself guarantee successful replication, expression, or correct insertion of the DNA.

Related tags

Competent CellsDna UptakeTransformationHost CellCloning VectorsPrinciples Of BiotechnologyBiotechnologyClass 11 Mcq

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